A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina
Production of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military advantages. However, even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field, such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to convention...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2020-04-01
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doaj-b4756bfad6d24784beb8a5ddb0c5cea52021-05-02T16:45:58ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Defence Technology2214-91472020-04-01162275282A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured aluminaGareth James Appleby-Thomas0Kevin Jaansalu1Amer Hameed2Jonathan Painter3James Shackel4Julie Rowley5Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, CanadaCentre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UKCentre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UKCentre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UKCentre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UKProduction of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military advantages. However, even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field, such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to conventional sintering of ceramics. In this study, the ballistic performance of a series of additively manufactured (AM)/rapidly-prototyped (RP) alumina tiles of 97.2% of the density of Sintox FA™ were investigated using both forward- and reverse-ballistic experiments. These experiments, undertaken with compressed gas-guns, employed the depth-of-penetration technique and flash X-ray as primary diagnostics to interrogate both efficiency of penetration and projectile-target interaction, respectively. The RP alumina was found to exhibit useful ballistic properties, successfully defeating steel-cored (AP) 7.62 × 39 mm BXN rounds at velocities of up-to c.a. 850 m/s, while exhibiting comparable failure modes to conventionally sintered armour-grade Sintox FA™. However, where a <1% by vol. Cu dopant was introduced into the RP material failure modes changed dramatically with performance dropping below that of conventionally sintered alumina. Overall, the results from both sets of experiments were complimentary and clearly indicated the potential of such RP materials to play an active role in provision of real-world body armour solutions provided quality control of the RP material can be maintained.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914719304842Additive manufactureRapidly prototypedBody armourBallisticsCeramics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gareth James Appleby-Thomas Kevin Jaansalu Amer Hameed Jonathan Painter James Shackel Julie Rowley |
spellingShingle |
Gareth James Appleby-Thomas Kevin Jaansalu Amer Hameed Jonathan Painter James Shackel Julie Rowley A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina Defence Technology Additive manufacture Rapidly prototyped Body armour Ballistics Ceramics |
author_facet |
Gareth James Appleby-Thomas Kevin Jaansalu Amer Hameed Jonathan Painter James Shackel Julie Rowley |
author_sort |
Gareth James Appleby-Thomas |
title |
A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
title_short |
A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
title_full |
A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
title_fullStr |
A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
title_sort |
comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina |
publisher |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
series |
Defence Technology |
issn |
2214-9147 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Production of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military advantages. However, even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field, such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to conventional sintering of ceramics. In this study, the ballistic performance of a series of additively manufactured (AM)/rapidly-prototyped (RP) alumina tiles of 97.2% of the density of Sintox FA™ were investigated using both forward- and reverse-ballistic experiments. These experiments, undertaken with compressed gas-guns, employed the depth-of-penetration technique and flash X-ray as primary diagnostics to interrogate both efficiency of penetration and projectile-target interaction, respectively. The RP alumina was found to exhibit useful ballistic properties, successfully defeating steel-cored (AP) 7.62 × 39 mm BXN rounds at velocities of up-to c.a. 850 m/s, while exhibiting comparable failure modes to conventionally sintered armour-grade Sintox FA™. However, where a <1% by vol. Cu dopant was introduced into the RP material failure modes changed dramatically with performance dropping below that of conventionally sintered alumina. Overall, the results from both sets of experiments were complimentary and clearly indicated the potential of such RP materials to play an active role in provision of real-world body armour solutions provided quality control of the RP material can be maintained. |
topic |
Additive manufacture Rapidly prototyped Body armour Ballistics Ceramics |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914719304842 |
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