Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes
Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis are two conifer species located in southern China, which are of both economic and ornamental value. Around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, P. massoniana occurs mainly at altitudes below 700 m, while P. hwangshanensis can be found above 900 m....
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doaj-b482b236d5444e28bf738eb31675b9362020-11-24T21:43:10ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072019-03-0110323010.3390/f10030230f10030230Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive GenesJiaxing Mo0Jin Xu1Yuting Cao2Liwei Yang3Tongming Yin4Hui Hua5Hui Zhao6Zhenhao Guo7Junjie Yang8Jisen Shi9Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaPinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis are two conifer species located in southern China, which are of both economic and ornamental value. Around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, P. massoniana occurs mainly at altitudes below 700 m, while P. hwangshanensis can be found above 900 m. At altitudes where the distribution of both pines overlaps, a natural introgression hybrid exists, which we will further refer to as the Z pine. This pine has a morphological character that shares attributes of both P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis. However, compared to the other two pines, its reproductive structure, the pinecone, has an ultra-low ripening rate with seeds that germinate poorly. In this study, we aimed to find the reason for the impaired cone maturation by comparing transcriptome libraries of P. massoniana and Z pine cones at seven successive growth stages. After sequencing and assembly, we obtained unigenes and then annotated them against NCBI’s non-redundant nucleotide and protein sequences, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology databases. Gene expression levels were estimated and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two pines were mined and analyzed. We found that several of them indeed relate to reproductive process. At every growth stage, these genes are expressed at a higher level in P. massoniana than in the Z pine. These data provide insight into understanding which molecular mechanisms are altered between P. massoniana and the Z pine that might cause changes in the reproductive process.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/3/230Pinus massonianaintrogression hybridRNA sequencingDEGsreproduction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jiaxing Mo Jin Xu Yuting Cao Liwei Yang Tongming Yin Hui Hua Hui Zhao Zhenhao Guo Junjie Yang Jisen Shi |
spellingShingle |
Jiaxing Mo Jin Xu Yuting Cao Liwei Yang Tongming Yin Hui Hua Hui Zhao Zhenhao Guo Junjie Yang Jisen Shi Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes Forests Pinus massoniana introgression hybrid RNA sequencing DEGs reproduction |
author_facet |
Jiaxing Mo Jin Xu Yuting Cao Liwei Yang Tongming Yin Hui Hua Hui Zhao Zhenhao Guo Junjie Yang Jisen Shi |
author_sort |
Jiaxing Mo |
title |
Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes |
title_short |
Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes |
title_full |
Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes |
title_fullStr |
Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes |
title_sort |
pinus massoniana introgression hybrids display differential expression of reproductive genes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis are two conifer species located in southern China, which are of both economic and ornamental value. Around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, P. massoniana occurs mainly at altitudes below 700 m, while P. hwangshanensis can be found above 900 m. At altitudes where the distribution of both pines overlaps, a natural introgression hybrid exists, which we will further refer to as the Z pine. This pine has a morphological character that shares attributes of both P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis. However, compared to the other two pines, its reproductive structure, the pinecone, has an ultra-low ripening rate with seeds that germinate poorly. In this study, we aimed to find the reason for the impaired cone maturation by comparing transcriptome libraries of P. massoniana and Z pine cones at seven successive growth stages. After sequencing and assembly, we obtained unigenes and then annotated them against NCBI’s non-redundant nucleotide and protein sequences, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology databases. Gene expression levels were estimated and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two pines were mined and analyzed. We found that several of them indeed relate to reproductive process. At every growth stage, these genes are expressed at a higher level in P. massoniana than in the Z pine. These data provide insight into understanding which molecular mechanisms are altered between P. massoniana and the Z pine that might cause changes in the reproductive process. |
topic |
Pinus massoniana introgression hybrid RNA sequencing DEGs reproduction |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/3/230 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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