The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h

The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h

The modern power generation industry needs materials able to withstand severe conditions, such as high temperatures, steam pressure, and an aggressive environment, to create more electric power out of a decreasing amount of fuel. Therefore, new metallic materials are continuously being developed. In...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bogdan Rutkowski, Krzysztof Baran, Remigiusz Błoniarz, Tomasz Kozieł
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
steam oxidation
STEM
SEM
austenitic steel
SAVE25
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3821
id doaj-b4e24fa4edca42e489c2b6c43f0c4c10
record_format Article
spelling doaj-b4e24fa4edca42e489c2b6c43f0c4c102021-07-23T13:51:23ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-01143821382110.3390/ma14143821The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 hBogdan Rutkowski0Krzysztof Baran1Remigiusz Błoniarz2Tomasz Kozieł3Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandThe modern power generation industry needs materials able to withstand severe conditions, such as high temperatures, steam pressure, and an aggressive environment, to create more electric power out of a decreasing amount of fuel. Therefore, new metallic materials are continuously being developed. In order to gain knowledge about modern materials, the investigation of high Cr and Ni austenitic steel oxidized in 100% steam at 700 °C for 500 h was performed. The morphology, the phase composition, and the chemical composition of the oxidation products were investigated through methods of advanced electron microscopy techniques. Moreover, precipitates present in bulk material were identified. The material developed a continuous and complex oxide scale, consisting of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> and spinel phases. Very fine MX, fine ε-Cu, and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitates were found in the bulk material. The creation of iron oxide is induced due to the coarse grain size of the material. Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> forms due to the internal oxidation process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3821steam oxidationSTEMSEMaustenitic steelSAVE25
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Bogdan Rutkowski
Krzysztof Baran
Remigiusz Błoniarz
Tomasz Kozieł
spellingShingle Bogdan Rutkowski
Krzysztof Baran
Remigiusz Błoniarz
Tomasz Kozieł
The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
Materials
steam oxidation
STEM
SEM
austenitic steel
SAVE25
author_facet Bogdan Rutkowski
Krzysztof Baran
Remigiusz Błoniarz
Tomasz Kozieł
author_sort Bogdan Rutkowski
title The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
title_short The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
title_full The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
title_fullStr The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
title_full_unstemmed The Morphology and Microstructure of Oxide Scale Grown on Austenitic Steel during Steam Oxidation at 700 °C for 500 h
title_sort morphology and microstructure of oxide scale grown on austenitic steel during steam oxidation at 700 °c for 500 h
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2021-07-01
description The modern power generation industry needs materials able to withstand severe conditions, such as high temperatures, steam pressure, and an aggressive environment, to create more electric power out of a decreasing amount of fuel. Therefore, new metallic materials are continuously being developed. In order to gain knowledge about modern materials, the investigation of high Cr and Ni austenitic steel oxidized in 100% steam at 700 °C for 500 h was performed. The morphology, the phase composition, and the chemical composition of the oxidation products were investigated through methods of advanced electron microscopy techniques. Moreover, precipitates present in bulk material were identified. The material developed a continuous and complex oxide scale, consisting of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> and spinel phases. Very fine MX, fine ε-Cu, and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitates were found in the bulk material. The creation of iron oxide is induced due to the coarse grain size of the material. Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> forms due to the internal oxidation process.
topic steam oxidation
STEM
SEM
austenitic steel
SAVE25
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3821
work_keys_str_mv AT bogdanrutkowski themorphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT krzysztofbaran themorphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT remigiuszbłoniarz themorphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT tomaszkozieł themorphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT bogdanrutkowski morphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT krzysztofbaran morphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT remigiuszbłoniarz morphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
AT tomaszkozieł morphologyandmicrostructureofoxidescalegrownonausteniticsteelduringsteamoxidationat700cfor500h
_version_ 1721287387148976128

Similar Items