Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients?
Background. TB diagnostic and treatment services in India are provided free of cost in the programmatic context across the country. There are different costs incurred during health care utilization, and this study was conducted to estimate such costs. Methodology. A longitudinal study was conducted...
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doaj-b4e428f4703d4383a4488ba0492690ad2020-11-25T03:17:34ZengHindawi LimitedTuberculosis Research and Treatment2090-150X2090-15182020-01-01202010.1155/2020/38456943845694Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients?M. P. Poornima0M. N. Shruthi1Ashwini Laxmanrao Chingale2V. Veena3Sharath Burugina Nagaraja4Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar5Department of Community Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, IndiaBackground. TB diagnostic and treatment services in India are provided free of cost in the programmatic context across the country. There are different costs incurred during health care utilization, and this study was conducted to estimate such costs. Methodology. A longitudinal study was conducted among patients of three urban tuberculosis units (TUs) of Davangere, Belagavi, and Bengaluru, Karnataka. Trained data collectors administered a validated questionnaire and recorded monthly costs incurred by the patients which are expressed in median Indian National Rupees (INR). The analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. A p value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. Among 214 patients, about 37%, 42%, and 21% belonged to Davangere, Belagavi, and Bengaluru, respectively. Median total pre- and postdiagnostic costs incurred across the three TUs were 3800 and 4000 INR, respectively. The direct nonmedical cost was higher for accommodation (median cost of 800 INR) and direct medical cost for non-TB drugs (median cost of 2000 INR). However, maximum direct medical and nonmedical costs were attributed to hospital admissions (1200 INR) and accommodation costs (700 INR) in the postdiagnostic period, respectively. The median indirect cost incurred was 300 INR overall, and the maximum total indirect cost was 40000 INR in the postdiagnostic period. About one-third of patients faced loss of income and 19.6% faced coping costs. Patients spent about 6.7% (0.97%–52.3%) of their income on TB treatment. About 12.3% patients faced catastrophic expenditure. Median cost was significantly higher among those seeking private health care facilities (12100 INR in private vs. 6800 INR in public; p<0.05) during the prediagnostic period. Prediagnostic and diagnostic out-of-pocket expenditures (OPE) were significantly higher across all the three centres (p<0.05). Conclusion. The TB patients experienced untoward expenditure under programmatic settings. The costs encountered by one in eight patients were catastrophic by nature.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3845694 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
M. P. Poornima M. N. Shruthi Ashwini Laxmanrao Chingale V. Veena Sharath Burugina Nagaraja Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar |
spellingShingle |
M. P. Poornima M. N. Shruthi Ashwini Laxmanrao Chingale V. Veena Sharath Burugina Nagaraja Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? Tuberculosis Research and Treatment |
author_facet |
M. P. Poornima M. N. Shruthi Ashwini Laxmanrao Chingale V. Veena Sharath Burugina Nagaraja Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar |
author_sort |
M. P. Poornima |
title |
Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? |
title_short |
Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? |
title_full |
Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? |
title_fullStr |
Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cost of Tuberculosis Care in Programmatic Settings from Karnataka, India: Is It Catastrophic for the Patients? |
title_sort |
cost of tuberculosis care in programmatic settings from karnataka, india: is it catastrophic for the patients? |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Tuberculosis Research and Treatment |
issn |
2090-150X 2090-1518 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Background. TB diagnostic and treatment services in India are provided free of cost in the programmatic context across the country. There are different costs incurred during health care utilization, and this study was conducted to estimate such costs. Methodology. A longitudinal study was conducted among patients of three urban tuberculosis units (TUs) of Davangere, Belagavi, and Bengaluru, Karnataka. Trained data collectors administered a validated questionnaire and recorded monthly costs incurred by the patients which are expressed in median Indian National Rupees (INR). The analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. A p value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. Among 214 patients, about 37%, 42%, and 21% belonged to Davangere, Belagavi, and Bengaluru, respectively. Median total pre- and postdiagnostic costs incurred across the three TUs were 3800 and 4000 INR, respectively. The direct nonmedical cost was higher for accommodation (median cost of 800 INR) and direct medical cost for non-TB drugs (median cost of 2000 INR). However, maximum direct medical and nonmedical costs were attributed to hospital admissions (1200 INR) and accommodation costs (700 INR) in the postdiagnostic period, respectively. The median indirect cost incurred was 300 INR overall, and the maximum total indirect cost was 40000 INR in the postdiagnostic period. About one-third of patients faced loss of income and 19.6% faced coping costs. Patients spent about 6.7% (0.97%–52.3%) of their income on TB treatment. About 12.3% patients faced catastrophic expenditure. Median cost was significantly higher among those seeking private health care facilities (12100 INR in private vs. 6800 INR in public; p<0.05) during the prediagnostic period. Prediagnostic and diagnostic out-of-pocket expenditures (OPE) were significantly higher across all the three centres (p<0.05). Conclusion. The TB patients experienced untoward expenditure under programmatic settings. The costs encountered by one in eight patients were catastrophic by nature. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3845694 |
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