Efeito da palha de cana-de-açúcar e do tamanho do tubérculo na brotação e no desenvolvimento da parte aérea de tiririca Effect of sugar cane harvest straw and tuber size on sprouting and shoot growth of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)

• Main Authors: Maria do Carmo de Salvo Soares Novo, Ricardo Victória Filho, Fábio Molchanski Langbeck, Antonio Augusto do Lago
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Instituto Agronômico de Campinas 2006-01-01
• Series: Bragantia
• Subjects: cana crua; Cyperaceae; brotações; Sugar cane harvest straw; bud sproutings
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052006000100013

Na legislação estadual paulista, foram estabelecidas normas para empregar, gradativamente, a colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar, o que deixa uma camada espessa de palha que pode afetar o desenvolvimento da tiririca, Cyperus rotundus L., uma das espécies de plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, adicionada nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 15,0 t ha-1, em vasos plásticos com terra, afeta o desenvolvimento das partes aéreas da tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,2-0,3 g) e grande (1,0-1,1 g), plantados em maio, julho e setembro e avaliados a cada 28 dias (até 84 dias) após o plantio. Não houve efeito do tamanho de tubérculos no número de brotações, mas a altura, a área foliar e as biomassas fresca e seca da parte aérea total (folhas + inflorescências) foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. As plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos foram mais afetadas pela adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar na superfície do solo do que aquelas de tamanhos grandes. No plantio realizado em setembro, exceto para altura média, verificaram-se plantas com maior número de brotações, a área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Foi observado que o número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas fresca e seca da parte aérea total foram reduzidos com aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Em função da época de avaliação, foram observados aumentos lineares no número, na área foliar e na altura média das brotações e nas biomassas fresca e seca da parte aérea total.<br>The São Paulo State Legislation established a gradual increase in the use of mechanical sugar cane harvest, which leaves a thick layer of straw, possibly affecting the development of purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most crop-damaging weeds, infesting wide areas mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions, causing substantial yield losses. It is considered one of most important weeds in sugar cane crop, by interfering directly on plant development, competing for essential growth factors (such as water, light, and nutrients) and by releasing allelopathic substances. There are few works about the effect of tuber size of weed species on the germination and development of plants. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of the aboveground part of purple nutsedge derived from tubers of small (0,2 to 0,3 g) and large (1,0 to 1,1 g) sizes, planted at three different times of the year. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse in Campinas, State of São Paulo, arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Dormant purple nutsedge tubers of small and large sizes were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added in quantities corresponding to 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting, the number of emerged sprouts, average plant height, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aboveground part (leaves + inflorescences) weights were evaluated. The tubers planted in May emerged sooner and more uniformly than those planted in July and September. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size. On the other hand, plant height, leaf area, and fresh and dry leaf and aboveground part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected more the plants derived from small than from large tubers. It was verified that, with the exception of average height, the September planting originated plants with larger number of sprouts, leaf area, fresh and dry leaf and total aboveground part weights. Larger average plant height values were observed in the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July planting presented always the smallest values. The application of increasing quantities of sugar cane straw caused a decrease in the number of sprouts, foliar area, and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial aboveground weights. The number, leaf area, and average plant height of the sprouts, and the fresh and dry leaf and total aboveground part weights increased linearly as function of time.