Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries
Abstract Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecol...
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doaj-b5479ddb3266483fa4ad1e0d505b701e2020-11-25T02:11:15ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312020-02-012011910.1186/s12903-020-1045-5Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood cariesMorenike Oluwatoyin Folayan0Maha El Tantawi1Ana Vukovic2Robert Schroth3Balgis Gaffar4Ola B. Al-Batayneh5Rosa Amalia6Arheiam Arheiam7Mary Obiyan8Hamideh Daryanavard9Early Childhood Caries Advocacy GroupDepartment of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of BelgradeDepartment of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of ManitobaDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada YogyakartaDepartment of Community and Preventive Dentistry, University of BenghaziDepartment of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDubai Health AuthorityAbstract Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η2) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children’s oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children’s oral health while empowering women.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5Early childhood cariesWomen empowermentDecision-makingViolence |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Maha El Tantawi Ana Vukovic Robert Schroth Balgis Gaffar Ola B. Al-Batayneh Rosa Amalia Arheiam Arheiam Mary Obiyan Hamideh Daryanavard Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group |
spellingShingle |
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Maha El Tantawi Ana Vukovic Robert Schroth Balgis Gaffar Ola B. Al-Batayneh Rosa Amalia Arheiam Arheiam Mary Obiyan Hamideh Daryanavard Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries BMC Oral Health Early childhood caries Women empowerment Decision-making Violence |
author_facet |
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Maha El Tantawi Ana Vukovic Robert Schroth Balgis Gaffar Ola B. Al-Batayneh Rosa Amalia Arheiam Arheiam Mary Obiyan Hamideh Daryanavard Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group |
author_sort |
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan |
title |
Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
title_short |
Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
title_full |
Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
title_fullStr |
Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
title_sort |
women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Oral Health |
issn |
1472-6831 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Abstract Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η2) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children’s oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children’s oral health while empowering women. |
topic |
Early childhood caries Women empowerment Decision-making Violence |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5 |
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