Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method?
Our study evaluates the efficacy of a “green” (i.e., sustainable, recyclable, and reusable) technology to treat waste waters produced by Canada’s oil sands industry. We examined the ability of a novel advanced oxidative method—ultra-violet photocatalysis over titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated micropart...
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doaj-b576711838364218a4f3ecebfa54a0f02021-04-06T13:48:29ZengCanadian Science PublishingFACETS2371-16712020-06-015147448710.1139/facets-2019-0053Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method?Barry N. Madison0Jessie Reynolds1Lauren Halliwell2Tim Leshuk3Frank Gu4Kerry M. Peru5John V. Headley6Diane M. Orihel7School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaSchool of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaWaterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaWaterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaSchool of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaOur study evaluates the efficacy of a “green” (i.e., sustainable, recyclable, and reusable) technology to treat waste waters produced by Canada’s oil sands industry. We examined the ability of a novel advanced oxidative method—ultra-violet photocatalysis over titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated microparticles—to reduce the toxicity of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFC) to early life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Lengthening the duration of photocatalysis resulted in greater removal of NAFC from bioassay exposure waters; low- and high-intensity treatments reduced NAFC concentrations to about 20 and 3 mg/L (by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, FTIR), respectively. Treatments reduced the acute lethality of NAFC to fathead minnows by over half after low-intensity treatment and three-fold after high-intensity treatment. However, incomplete degradation in low-intensity treatments increased the incidence of chronic toxicity relative to untreated NAFC solutions and cardiovascular abnormalities were common even with >80% of NAFC degraded. Our findings demonstrate that photocatalysis over TiO2 microparticles is a promising method for mitigating the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water-derived NAFC to fish native to the oil sands region, but the intensity of the photocatalytic treatment needs to be considered carefully to ensure adequate mineralization of toxic constituents.https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/full/10.1139/facets-2019-0053oil sandsnaphthenic acidsgreen engineeringecotoxicologyfish |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Barry N. Madison Jessie Reynolds Lauren Halliwell Tim Leshuk Frank Gu Kerry M. Peru John V. Headley Diane M. Orihel |
spellingShingle |
Barry N. Madison Jessie Reynolds Lauren Halliwell Tim Leshuk Frank Gu Kerry M. Peru John V. Headley Diane M. Orihel Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? FACETS oil sands naphthenic acids green engineering ecotoxicology fish |
author_facet |
Barry N. Madison Jessie Reynolds Lauren Halliwell Tim Leshuk Frank Gu Kerry M. Peru John V. Headley Diane M. Orihel |
author_sort |
Barry N. Madison |
title |
Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
title_short |
Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
title_full |
Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
title_fullStr |
Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
title_sort |
can the toxicity of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water be mitigated by a green photocatalytic method? |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
series |
FACETS |
issn |
2371-1671 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Our study evaluates the efficacy of a “green” (i.e., sustainable, recyclable, and reusable) technology to treat waste waters produced by Canada’s oil sands industry. We examined the ability of a novel advanced oxidative method—ultra-violet photocatalysis over titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated microparticles—to reduce the toxicity of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFC) to early life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Lengthening the duration of photocatalysis resulted in greater removal of NAFC from bioassay exposure waters; low- and high-intensity treatments reduced NAFC concentrations to about 20 and 3 mg/L (by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, FTIR), respectively. Treatments reduced the acute lethality of NAFC to fathead minnows by over half after low-intensity treatment and three-fold after high-intensity treatment. However, incomplete degradation in low-intensity treatments increased the incidence of chronic toxicity relative to untreated NAFC solutions and cardiovascular abnormalities were common even with >80% of NAFC degraded. Our findings demonstrate that photocatalysis over TiO2 microparticles is a promising method for mitigating the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water-derived NAFC to fish native to the oil sands region, but the intensity of the photocatalytic treatment needs to be considered carefully to ensure adequate mineralization of toxic constituents. |
topic |
oil sands naphthenic acids green engineering ecotoxicology fish |
url |
https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/full/10.1139/facets-2019-0053 |
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