Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation
Packaged water consumption has grown rapidly in urban areas of many low‐income and middle‐income countries, but particularly in Ghana. However, the sources of water used by this growing packaged water industry and the implications for water resource management and transport‐related environmen...
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doaj-b589f2e4bf244efaa2e8cbb0697e2d7b2020-11-25T00:32:10ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412017-02-019214210.3390/w9020142w9020142Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product TransportationMawuli Dzodzomenyo0Winfred Dotse‐Gborgbortsi1Dan Lapworth2Nicola Wardrop3Jim Wright4Ghana School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, GhanaGhana School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, GhanaBritish Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UKGeography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKGeography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKPackaged water consumption has grown rapidly in urban areas of many low‐income and middle‐income countries, but particularly in Ghana. However, the sources of water used by this growing packaged water industry and the implications for water resource management and transport‐related environmental impacts have not been described. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of regulated packaged water production in Ghana, both in relation to demand for natural mineral water and hydrogeological characteristics. A total of 764 addresses for premises licensed to produce packaged water from 2009 to 2015 were mapped and compared to regional sachet water consumption and examined beverage import/export data. We found evidence to suggest that packaged water is transported shorter distances in Ghana than in developed countries. Groundwater abstraction for packaged water is low relative to piped water production and domestic borehole abstraction nationally, but may be locally significant. For natural mineral water, producers should be able to address the most widespread water quality hazards (including high salinity, iron and nitrates) in aquifers used for production through reverse osmosis treatment. In future, packaged water producer surveys could be used to quantify unregulated production, volumes of piped versus groundwater abstracted and treatment processes used.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/2/142water footprint bottled water groundwater Africa water resource management urban |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mawuli Dzodzomenyo Winfred Dotse‐Gborgbortsi Dan Lapworth Nicola Wardrop Jim Wright |
spellingShingle |
Mawuli Dzodzomenyo Winfred Dotse‐Gborgbortsi Dan Lapworth Nicola Wardrop Jim Wright Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation Water water footprint bottled water groundwater Africa water resource management urban |
author_facet |
Mawuli Dzodzomenyo Winfred Dotse‐Gborgbortsi Dan Lapworth Nicola Wardrop Jim Wright |
author_sort |
Mawuli Dzodzomenyo |
title |
Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation |
title_short |
Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation |
title_full |
Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation |
title_fullStr |
Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Piped Supplies, Groundwater Management and Product Transportation |
title_sort |
geographic distribution of registered packaged water production in ghana: implications for piped supplies, groundwater management and product transportation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
description |
Packaged water consumption has grown rapidly in urban areas of many low‐income and middle‐income countries, but particularly in Ghana. However, the sources of water used by this growing packaged water industry and the implications for water resource management and transport‐related environmental impacts have not been described. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of regulated packaged water production in Ghana, both in relation to demand for natural mineral water and hydrogeological characteristics. A total of 764 addresses for premises licensed to produce packaged water from 2009 to 2015 were mapped and compared to regional sachet water consumption and examined beverage import/export data. We found evidence to suggest that packaged water is transported shorter distances in Ghana than in developed countries. Groundwater abstraction for packaged water is low relative to piped water production and domestic borehole abstraction nationally, but may be locally significant. For natural mineral water, producers should be able to address the most widespread water quality hazards (including high salinity, iron and nitrates) in aquifers used for production through reverse osmosis treatment. In future, packaged water producer surveys could be used to quantify unregulated production, volumes of piped versus groundwater abstracted and treatment processes used. |
topic |
water footprint bottled water groundwater Africa water resource management urban |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/2/142 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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