Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradi...
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doaj-b5aafd2f37114eb4ab578e1b6b83d2272021-05-31T23:50:44ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-05-01131347134710.3390/w13101347Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human ExposureConcetta Pironti0Maria Ricciardi1Antonio Proto2Pietro Massimiliano Bianco3Luigi Montano4Oriana Motta5Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyDepartment of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Italy ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, ItalyAndrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (EcoFoodFertility Project), Italy “Oliveto Citra Hospital”, Via M. Clemente, 84020 Oliveto Citra, ItalyDepartment of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyEndocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/10/1347emerging contaminantsorganic contaminantsendocrine disruptorwater environment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Antonio Proto Pietro Massimiliano Bianco Luigi Montano Oriana Motta |
spellingShingle |
Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Antonio Proto Pietro Massimiliano Bianco Luigi Montano Oriana Motta Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure Water emerging contaminants organic contaminants endocrine disruptor water environment |
author_facet |
Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Antonio Proto Pietro Massimiliano Bianco Luigi Montano Oriana Motta |
author_sort |
Concetta Pironti |
title |
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure |
title_short |
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure |
title_full |
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure |
title_fullStr |
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure |
title_sort |
endocrine-disrupting compounds: an overview on their occurrence in the aquatic environment and human exposure |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans. |
topic |
emerging contaminants organic contaminants endocrine disruptor water environment |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/10/1347 |
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