Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling
We investigate the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia (Central Italy) earthquake by exploiting seismological data, DInSAR measurements, and a numerical modelling approach. In particular, we first retrieve the vertical component (uplift and subsidence) of the displacements affecting the hangingwall...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-11-01
|
Series: | Remote Sensing |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/1901 |
id |
doaj-b6368e571be545a3b8cbbabf3d5c96a2 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-b6368e571be545a3b8cbbabf3d5c96a22020-11-24T21:34:04ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922018-11-011012190110.3390/rs10121901rs10121901Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical ModellingEmanuela Valerio0Pietro Tizzani1Eugenio Carminati2Carlo Doglioni3Susi Pepe4Patrizio Petricca5Claudio De Luca6Christian Bignami7Giuseppe Solaro8Raffaele Castaldo9Vincenzo De Novellis10Riccardo Lanari11Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyIstituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, ItalyWe investigate the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia (Central Italy) earthquake by exploiting seismological data, DInSAR measurements, and a numerical modelling approach. In particular, we first retrieve the vertical component (uplift and subsidence) of the displacements affecting the hangingwall and the footwall blocks of the seismogenic faults identified, at depth, through the hypocenters distribution analysis. To do this, we combine the DInSAR measurements obtained from coseismic SAR data pairs collected by the ALOS-2 sensor from ascending and descending orbits. The achieved vertical deformation map displays three main deformation patterns: (i) a major subsidence that reaches the maximum value of about 98 cm near the epicentral zones nearby the town of Norcia; (ii) two smaller uplift lobes that affect both the hangingwall (reaching maximum values of about 14 cm) and the footwall blocks (reaching maximum values of about 10 cm). Starting from this evidence, we compute the rock volumes affected by uplift and subsidence phenomena, highlighting that those involved by the retrieved subsidence are characterized by significantly higher deformation values than those affected by uplift (about 14 times). In order to provide a possible interpretation of this volumetric asymmetry, we extend our analysis by applying a 2D numerical modelling approach based on the finite element method, implemented in a structural-mechanic framework, and exploiting the available geological and seismological data, and the ground deformation measurements retrieved from the multi-orbit ALOS-2 DInSAR analysis. In this case, we consider two different scenarios: the first one based on a single SW-dipping fault, the latter on a main SW-dipping fault and an antithetic zone. In this context, the model characterized by the occurrence of an antithetic zone presents the retrieved best fit coseismic surface deformation pattern. This result allows us to interpret the subsidence and uplift phenomena caused by the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia earthquake as the result of the gravitational sliding of the hangingwall along the main fault plane and the frictional force acting in the opposite direction, consistently with the double couple fault plane mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/1901Norcia earthquakeALOS-2 DInSAR measurementsseismogenic volumes computation2D finite element modelnormal faulting |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Emanuela Valerio Pietro Tizzani Eugenio Carminati Carlo Doglioni Susi Pepe Patrizio Petricca Claudio De Luca Christian Bignami Giuseppe Solaro Raffaele Castaldo Vincenzo De Novellis Riccardo Lanari |
spellingShingle |
Emanuela Valerio Pietro Tizzani Eugenio Carminati Carlo Doglioni Susi Pepe Patrizio Petricca Claudio De Luca Christian Bignami Giuseppe Solaro Raffaele Castaldo Vincenzo De Novellis Riccardo Lanari Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling Remote Sensing Norcia earthquake ALOS-2 DInSAR measurements seismogenic volumes computation 2D finite element model normal faulting |
author_facet |
Emanuela Valerio Pietro Tizzani Eugenio Carminati Carlo Doglioni Susi Pepe Patrizio Petricca Claudio De Luca Christian Bignami Giuseppe Solaro Raffaele Castaldo Vincenzo De Novellis Riccardo Lanari |
author_sort |
Emanuela Valerio |
title |
Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling |
title_short |
Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling |
title_full |
Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling |
title_fullStr |
Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ground Deformation and Source Geometry of the 30 October 2016 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy) Investigated Through Seismological Data, DInSAR Measurements, and Numerical Modelling |
title_sort |
ground deformation and source geometry of the 30 october 2016 m<sub>w</sub> 6.5 norcia earthquake (central italy) investigated through seismological data, dinsar measurements, and numerical modelling |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
We investigate the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia (Central Italy) earthquake by exploiting seismological data, DInSAR measurements, and a numerical modelling approach. In particular, we first retrieve the vertical component (uplift and subsidence) of the displacements affecting the hangingwall and the footwall blocks of the seismogenic faults identified, at depth, through the hypocenters distribution analysis. To do this, we combine the DInSAR measurements obtained from coseismic SAR data pairs collected by the ALOS-2 sensor from ascending and descending orbits. The achieved vertical deformation map displays three main deformation patterns: (i) a major subsidence that reaches the maximum value of about 98 cm near the epicentral zones nearby the town of Norcia; (ii) two smaller uplift lobes that affect both the hangingwall (reaching maximum values of about 14 cm) and the footwall blocks (reaching maximum values of about 10 cm). Starting from this evidence, we compute the rock volumes affected by uplift and subsidence phenomena, highlighting that those involved by the retrieved subsidence are characterized by significantly higher deformation values than those affected by uplift (about 14 times). In order to provide a possible interpretation of this volumetric asymmetry, we extend our analysis by applying a 2D numerical modelling approach based on the finite element method, implemented in a structural-mechanic framework, and exploiting the available geological and seismological data, and the ground deformation measurements retrieved from the multi-orbit ALOS-2 DInSAR analysis. In this case, we consider two different scenarios: the first one based on a single SW-dipping fault, the latter on a main SW-dipping fault and an antithetic zone. In this context, the model characterized by the occurrence of an antithetic zone presents the retrieved best fit coseismic surface deformation pattern. This result allows us to interpret the subsidence and uplift phenomena caused by the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Norcia earthquake as the result of the gravitational sliding of the hangingwall along the main fault plane and the frictional force acting in the opposite direction, consistently with the double couple fault plane mechanism. |
topic |
Norcia earthquake ALOS-2 DInSAR measurements seismogenic volumes computation 2D finite element model normal faulting |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/1901 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT emanuelavalerio grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT pietrotizzani grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT eugeniocarminati grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT carlodoglioni grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT susipepe grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT patriziopetricca grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT claudiodeluca grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT christianbignami grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT giuseppesolaro grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT raffaelecastaldo grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT vincenzodenovellis grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling AT riccardolanari grounddeformationandsourcegeometryofthe30october2016msubwsub65norciaearthquakecentralitalyinvestigatedthroughseismologicaldatadinsarmeasurementsandnumericalmodelling |
_version_ |
1725950699434409984 |