A MODERN VIEW ON THE PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON ALIVE ORGANISMS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

• Main Authors: T. V. Gerasimova, L. A. Zyul'kina, N. I. Mikulyak, G. G. Kavtaeva, A. I. Zinov'ev
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Penza State University Publishing House 2020-09-01
• Series: Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Медицинские науки
• Subjects: radiation; acute radiation sickness; radiation risk; radiotherapy; radiosensitivity

The current state of the radiation effect issue on living organisms is analyzed. The biological effects caused by ionizing radiation in low doses are considered. Radiation hormesis and the phenomenon of the adaptive response were noted as positive effects of the latter. Studies are presented that the risk of oncological diseases increases after exposure to acute radiation at doses above 50 mGy or chronic ata dose of 100 mGy. The review reflects the problems associated with finding quantitative indications for the timely initiation of therapy in persons exposed to lifethreatening doses of radiation, as well as effective triage tools for providing first aid in case of massive radiological incidents. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of research results confirming the ability of ionizing radiation to accelerate aging in the tissues of living organisms. Revealed the ambiguity of researchers' opinions on a number of issues related to the use of ionizing radiation in medicine, in particular in the form of X-ray and radionuclide diagnostics.