Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance
The Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has provided a global-coverage service since 27 December 2018. Eighteen BD3 MEO satellites have been launched into space during 2017 and 2018. The signal constitution has been redesigned and four open service signals are used for transmission, including...
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doaj-b6af7add51b54fd28b14f04524015c7a2020-11-25T02:47:28ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922019-07-011113155910.3390/rs11131559rs11131559Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock PerformanceXiaolong Xu0Xilong Wang1Jingnan Liu2Qile Zhao3GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaGNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaGNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaGNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has provided a global-coverage service since 27 December 2018. Eighteen BD3 MEO satellites have been launched into space during 2017 and 2018. The signal constitution has been redesigned and four open service signals are used for transmission, including B1I, B1C, B2a and B3I. This paper focuses on the signal performance, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and the atomic clock’s frequency stability issues of the BD3 satellites. The satellite-induced code bias issue found in BD2 satellites multipath combination has been proven to be eliminated in BD3 satellites. However, the pseudorange code of B1C is much noisier than that of other three frequencies, which may be related to the signal constitution and power distribution, as the minimum received power levels on the ground of B1C is 3 dB lower than that of the B2a signal. Similar results were achieved by the Ionosphere-Free combination residuals in POD using four signals, B1I-B3I, B1I-B2a, B1C-B3I and B1C-B2a, and the phase residual of B1C-B2a combination performed best. Considering the noise amplitude and compatibility with other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), the B1C-B2a combination is recommended in priority for precise GNSS data processing. GFIFP combinations were also implemented to evaluate the inter-frequency phase bias of the four signals. The experimental results showed that the systematic signal with an amplitude of about 2 cm could be found in the GFIFP series. In addition, multi-GNSS POD was performed and analyzed as well, using about a hundred global-distributed IGS and iGMAS stations. Furthermore, the atomic clock’s frequency stability was estimated using the parameters of clock bias calculated in POD and the Overlap Allan Deviations showed that the frequency stability of BD3 reached approximately 2.43 × 10<sup>−14</sup> at intervals of 10,000 s and 2.51 × 10<sup>−15</sup> at intervals of 86,400 s, which was better than that of the GPS BLOCK IIF satellites but worse than that of Galileo satellites.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1559BD3pseudorange code biasinter-frequency phase biasprecise orbit determinationsatellite laser rangingAllan Deviation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiaolong Xu Xilong Wang Jingnan Liu Qile Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Xiaolong Xu Xilong Wang Jingnan Liu Qile Zhao Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance Remote Sensing BD3 pseudorange code bias inter-frequency phase bias precise orbit determination satellite laser ranging Allan Deviation |
author_facet |
Xiaolong Xu Xilong Wang Jingnan Liu Qile Zhao |
author_sort |
Xiaolong Xu |
title |
Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance |
title_short |
Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance |
title_full |
Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance |
title_fullStr |
Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characteristics of BD3 Global Service Satellites: POD, Open Service Signal and Atomic Clock Performance |
title_sort |
characteristics of bd3 global service satellites: pod, open service signal and atomic clock performance |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
The Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has provided a global-coverage service since 27 December 2018. Eighteen BD3 MEO satellites have been launched into space during 2017 and 2018. The signal constitution has been redesigned and four open service signals are used for transmission, including B1I, B1C, B2a and B3I. This paper focuses on the signal performance, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and the atomic clock’s frequency stability issues of the BD3 satellites. The satellite-induced code bias issue found in BD2 satellites multipath combination has been proven to be eliminated in BD3 satellites. However, the pseudorange code of B1C is much noisier than that of other three frequencies, which may be related to the signal constitution and power distribution, as the minimum received power levels on the ground of B1C is 3 dB lower than that of the B2a signal. Similar results were achieved by the Ionosphere-Free combination residuals in POD using four signals, B1I-B3I, B1I-B2a, B1C-B3I and B1C-B2a, and the phase residual of B1C-B2a combination performed best. Considering the noise amplitude and compatibility with other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), the B1C-B2a combination is recommended in priority for precise GNSS data processing. GFIFP combinations were also implemented to evaluate the inter-frequency phase bias of the four signals. The experimental results showed that the systematic signal with an amplitude of about 2 cm could be found in the GFIFP series. In addition, multi-GNSS POD was performed and analyzed as well, using about a hundred global-distributed IGS and iGMAS stations. Furthermore, the atomic clock’s frequency stability was estimated using the parameters of clock bias calculated in POD and the Overlap Allan Deviations showed that the frequency stability of BD3 reached approximately 2.43 × 10<sup>−14</sup> at intervals of 10,000 s and 2.51 × 10<sup>−15</sup> at intervals of 86,400 s, which was better than that of the GPS BLOCK IIF satellites but worse than that of Galileo satellites. |
topic |
BD3 pseudorange code bias inter-frequency phase bias precise orbit determination satellite laser ranging Allan Deviation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1559 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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