Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence

Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence

Infants affected by Heiner syndrome (HS) display chronic upper or lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media or pneumonia. Clinically, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, anemia, recurrent fever and failure to thrive can be also present. Chest X-rays can show patchy infiltrates mimi...

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Main Authors: Stefania Arasi, Carla Mastrorilli, Luca Pecoraro, Mattia Giovannini, Francesca Mori, Simona Barni, Lucia Caminiti, Riccardo Castagnoli, Lucia Liotti, Francesca Saretta, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Elio Novembre
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
allergy
anemia
cow’s milk
children
immunology
non-IgE-mediated food allergy
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1710
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spelling doaj-b6d8d396a0184e9489d270fb92626a512021-06-01T00:22:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01131710171010.3390/nu13051710Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current EvidenceStefania Arasi0Carla Mastrorilli1Luca Pecoraro2Mattia Giovannini3Francesca Mori4Simona Barni5Lucia Caminiti6Riccardo Castagnoli7Lucia Liotti8Francesca Saretta9Gian Luigi Marseglia10Elio Novembre11Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, ItalyPediatric Unit and Emergency, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, ItalyAllergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyAllergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyAllergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Human Pathology in Adult and Development Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AOU Policlinico Gaetano Martino, 98158 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Presidio Ospedaliero di Alta Specializzazione “G. Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, ItalyPediatric Department, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University of Florence, 70126 Florence, ItalyInfants affected by Heiner syndrome (HS) display chronic upper or lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media or pneumonia. Clinically, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, anemia, recurrent fever and failure to thrive can be also present. Chest X-rays can show patchy infiltrates miming pneumonia. Clinical manifestations usually disappear after a milk-free diet. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying HS remains unexplained, but the formation of immune complexes and the cell-mediated reaction have been proposed. Patients usually outgrow this hypersensitivity within a few years. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview on the current evidence on HS in children, with a critical approach on the still undefined points of this interesting disease. Finally, we propose the first structured diagnostic approach for HS.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1710allergyanemiacow’s milkchildrenimmunologynon-IgE-mediated food allergy
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Stefania Arasi
Carla Mastrorilli
Luca Pecoraro
Mattia Giovannini
Francesca Mori
Simona Barni
Lucia Caminiti
Riccardo Castagnoli
Lucia Liotti
Francesca Saretta
Gian Luigi Marseglia
Elio Novembre
spellingShingle Stefania Arasi
Carla Mastrorilli
Luca Pecoraro
Mattia Giovannini
Francesca Mori
Simona Barni
Lucia Caminiti
Riccardo Castagnoli
Lucia Liotti
Francesca Saretta
Gian Luigi Marseglia
Elio Novembre
Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
Nutrients
allergy
anemia
cow’s milk
children
immunology
non-IgE-mediated food allergy
author_facet Stefania Arasi
Carla Mastrorilli
Luca Pecoraro
Mattia Giovannini
Francesca Mori
Simona Barni
Lucia Caminiti
Riccardo Castagnoli
Lucia Liotti
Francesca Saretta
Gian Luigi Marseglia
Elio Novembre
author_sort Stefania Arasi
title Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
title_short Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
title_full Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
title_fullStr Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
title_full_unstemmed Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
title_sort heiner syndrome and milk hypersensitivity: an updated overview on the current evidence
publisher MDPI AG
series Nutrients
issn 2072-6643
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Infants affected by Heiner syndrome (HS) display chronic upper or lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media or pneumonia. Clinically, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, anemia, recurrent fever and failure to thrive can be also present. Chest X-rays can show patchy infiltrates miming pneumonia. Clinical manifestations usually disappear after a milk-free diet. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying HS remains unexplained, but the formation of immune complexes and the cell-mediated reaction have been proposed. Patients usually outgrow this hypersensitivity within a few years. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview on the current evidence on HS in children, with a critical approach on the still undefined points of this interesting disease. Finally, we propose the first structured diagnostic approach for HS.
topic allergy
anemia
cow’s milk
children
immunology
non-IgE-mediated food allergy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1710
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