Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles
Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors....
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doaj-b70d67433e9342caa65071605085de332020-11-25T01:13:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-0120482110.3390/ijms20040821ijms20040821Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular VesiclesEline Oeyen0Lucien Hoekx1Stefan De Wachter2Marcella Baldewijns3Filip Ameye4Inge Mertens5Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, BelgiumUrology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, BelgiumUrology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, BelgiumPathological Anatomy Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, BelgiumUrology Department, General Hospital Maria Middelares Ghent, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, BelgiumDiagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/821extracellular vesiclesbladder cancerbiomarkersurine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eline Oeyen Lucien Hoekx Stefan De Wachter Marcella Baldewijns Filip Ameye Inge Mertens |
spellingShingle |
Eline Oeyen Lucien Hoekx Stefan De Wachter Marcella Baldewijns Filip Ameye Inge Mertens Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles International Journal of Molecular Sciences extracellular vesicles bladder cancer biomarkers urine |
author_facet |
Eline Oeyen Lucien Hoekx Stefan De Wachter Marcella Baldewijns Filip Ameye Inge Mertens |
author_sort |
Eline Oeyen |
title |
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles |
title_short |
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full |
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles |
title_fullStr |
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles |
title_sort |
bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up: the current status and possible role of extracellular vesicles |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles bladder cancer biomarkers urine |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/821 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT elineoeyen bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles AT lucienhoekx bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles AT stefandewachter bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles AT marcellabaldewijns bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles AT filipameye bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles AT ingemertens bladdercancerdiagnosisandfollowupthecurrentstatusandpossibleroleofextracellularvesicles |
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