Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina
Opisthokonta represents a major lineage of eukaryotes and includes fungi and metazoans, as well as other less known unicellular groups. The latter are paraphyletic assemblages that branch in between the former two groups, and thus are important for understanding the origin and early diversification...
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doaj-b730dd7a0b8e482fa6f82de87a43c4182020-11-24T22:16:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2018-07-01610.3389/fevo.2018.00099378849Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, ArgentinaAlicia S. Arroyo0David López-Escardó1Eunsoo Kim2Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo3Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo4Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo5Sebastián R. Najle6Sebastián R. Najle7Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, SpainDivision of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler, Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United StatesInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainICREA, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, ArgentinaOpisthokonta represents a major lineage of eukaryotes and includes fungi and metazoans, as well as other less known unicellular groups. The latter are paraphyletic assemblages that branch in between the former two groups, and thus are important for understanding the origin and early diversification of opisthokonts. The full range of their diversity, however, has not yet been explored from diverse ecological habitats. Freshwater environments are crucial sources for new diversity; they are considered even more heterogeneous than marine ecosystems. This heterogeneity implies more ecological niches where local eukaryotic communities are located. However, knowledge of the unicellular opisthokont diversity is scarce from freshwater environments. Here, we performed an 18S rDNA metabarcoding study in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina, to characterize the molecular diversity of microbial eukaryotes, in particular unicellular members of Opisthokonta. We identified a potential novel clade branching as a sister-group to Fungi. We also detected in our data that more than 60% operational taxonomic units classified as unicellular holozoans (animals and relatives) represent new taxa at the species level. Of the remaining, the majority was assigned to the newly described holozoan species, Syssomonas multiformis. Together, our results show that a large hidden diversity of unicellular members of opisthokonts still remain to be uncovered. We also found that the geographical and ecological distribution of several taxa considered exclusive to marine environments is wider than previously thought.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2018.00099/fullunicellular Holozoaearly-branching HolomycotametabarcodingParaná rivermolecular diversityfreshwater |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alicia S. Arroyo David López-Escardó Eunsoo Kim Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Sebastián R. Najle Sebastián R. Najle |
spellingShingle |
Alicia S. Arroyo David López-Escardó Eunsoo Kim Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Sebastián R. Najle Sebastián R. Najle Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution unicellular Holozoa early-branching Holomycota metabarcoding Paraná river molecular diversity freshwater |
author_facet |
Alicia S. Arroyo David López-Escardó Eunsoo Kim Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo Sebastián R. Najle Sebastián R. Najle |
author_sort |
Alicia S. Arroyo |
title |
Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina |
title_short |
Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina |
title_full |
Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina |
title_fullStr |
Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina |
title_sort |
novel diversity of deeply branching holomycota and unicellular holozoans revealed by metabarcoding in middle paraná river, argentina |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2296-701X |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Opisthokonta represents a major lineage of eukaryotes and includes fungi and metazoans, as well as other less known unicellular groups. The latter are paraphyletic assemblages that branch in between the former two groups, and thus are important for understanding the origin and early diversification of opisthokonts. The full range of their diversity, however, has not yet been explored from diverse ecological habitats. Freshwater environments are crucial sources for new diversity; they are considered even more heterogeneous than marine ecosystems. This heterogeneity implies more ecological niches where local eukaryotic communities are located. However, knowledge of the unicellular opisthokont diversity is scarce from freshwater environments. Here, we performed an 18S rDNA metabarcoding study in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina, to characterize the molecular diversity of microbial eukaryotes, in particular unicellular members of Opisthokonta. We identified a potential novel clade branching as a sister-group to Fungi. We also detected in our data that more than 60% operational taxonomic units classified as unicellular holozoans (animals and relatives) represent new taxa at the species level. Of the remaining, the majority was assigned to the newly described holozoan species, Syssomonas multiformis. Together, our results show that a large hidden diversity of unicellular members of opisthokonts still remain to be uncovered. We also found that the geographical and ecological distribution of several taxa considered exclusive to marine environments is wider than previously thought. |
topic |
unicellular Holozoa early-branching Holomycota metabarcoding Paraná river molecular diversity freshwater |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2018.00099/full |
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