Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water

Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water

<p>Due to technical and cost limitations, the monitoring of emissions from ships sailing in open water within ship emission control areas (ECAs) is relatively rare. The present study adopts a monitoring method involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off from a patrol boat to meas...

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Main Authors: F. Zhou, L. Hou, R. Zhong, W. Chen, X. Ni, S. Pan, M. Zhao, B. An
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2020-09-01
Series:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Online Access:https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4899/2020/amt-13-4899-2020.pdf
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spelling doaj-b77974d248654819b24e719cce891e0c2020-11-25T01:22:06ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482020-09-01134899490910.5194/amt-13-4899-2020Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open waterF. Zhou0F. Zhou1L. Hou2R. Zhong3R. Zhong4W. Chen5X. Ni6S. Pan7S. Pan8M. Zhao9M. Zhao10M. Zhao11B. An12B. An13College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, ChinaPudong Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 200137, ChinaPudong Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 200137, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, ChinaKey Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, China<p>Due to technical and cost limitations, the monitoring of emissions from ships sailing in open water within ship emission control areas (ECAs) is relatively rare. The present study adopts a monitoring method involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off from a patrol boat to measure the concentrations of <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> within the plumes of sailing ships. Our method aims to provide a low-cost, remote approach for estimating the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of sailing ships in open water, which overcomes the limitations of ground-based and small-aircraft-based methods. The selected monitoring area was the Yangtze River estuary, a domestic ECA with an FSC limit of 0.5&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>) implemented by the Chinese government. A total of 27 sailing ships were monitored, 12 of which were found to have an FSC of <span class="inline-formula">&gt;0.5</span>&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>). Moreover, the FSCs of the sailing ships were found to be higher than those of berthing ships in the study area. Based upon the online monitoring results, four of the monitored ships were intercepted by maritime law enforcement, and fuel samples were collected and analyzed in a laboratory; the results confirmed that all four FSCs were <span class="inline-formula">&gt;0.5</span>&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>). Among them, one offending ship was tracked down on 15 July 2019; this was the first time that a sailing ship had been caught for having failed the FSC regulations in China. Overall, the present study provides scientific support for evaluating the effectiveness of ECA policies and recommends that emissions from sailing ships be monitored more often in open water in the future.</p>https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4899/2020/amt-13-4899-2020.pdf
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language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author F. Zhou
F. Zhou
L. Hou
R. Zhong
R. Zhong
W. Chen
X. Ni
S. Pan
S. Pan
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
B. An
B. An
spellingShingle F. Zhou
F. Zhou
L. Hou
R. Zhong
R. Zhong
W. Chen
X. Ni
S. Pan
S. Pan
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
B. An
B. An
Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
author_facet F. Zhou
F. Zhou
L. Hou
R. Zhong
R. Zhong
W. Chen
X. Ni
S. Pan
S. Pan
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
M. Zhao
B. An
B. An
author_sort F. Zhou
title Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
title_short Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
title_full Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
title_fullStr Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
title_sort monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) measurements of ship emissions in open water
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
issn 1867-1381
1867-8548
publishDate 2020-09-01
description <p>Due to technical and cost limitations, the monitoring of emissions from ships sailing in open water within ship emission control areas (ECAs) is relatively rare. The present study adopts a monitoring method involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off from a patrol boat to measure the concentrations of <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> within the plumes of sailing ships. Our method aims to provide a low-cost, remote approach for estimating the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of sailing ships in open water, which overcomes the limitations of ground-based and small-aircraft-based methods. The selected monitoring area was the Yangtze River estuary, a domestic ECA with an FSC limit of 0.5&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>) implemented by the Chinese government. A total of 27 sailing ships were monitored, 12 of which were found to have an FSC of <span class="inline-formula">&gt;0.5</span>&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>). Moreover, the FSCs of the sailing ships were found to be higher than those of berthing ships in the study area. Based upon the online monitoring results, four of the monitored ships were intercepted by maritime law enforcement, and fuel samples were collected and analyzed in a laboratory; the results confirmed that all four FSCs were <span class="inline-formula">&gt;0.5</span>&thinsp;% (<span class="inline-formula"><i>m</i>∕<i>m</i></span>). Among them, one offending ship was tracked down on 15 July 2019; this was the first time that a sailing ship had been caught for having failed the FSC regulations in China. Overall, the present study provides scientific support for evaluating the effectiveness of ECA policies and recommends that emissions from sailing ships be monitored more often in open water in the future.</p>
url https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4899/2020/amt-13-4899-2020.pdf
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