The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only treatment with curative potential for certain aggressive hematopoietic malignancies. Its success is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication that occurs when alloreactive donor T cell...
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doaj-b7f98154f10f46f8847c8384505e3e8d2020-11-25T00:04:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-07-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.0033796047The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantationSimon eHeidegger0Marcel R. M. van den Brink1Tobias eHaas2Hendrik ePoeck3Hendrik ePoeck4Technische Universität MünchenMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterTechnische Universität MünchenTechnische Universität MünchenMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only treatment with curative potential for certain aggressive hematopoietic malignancies. Its success is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication that occurs when alloreactive donor T cells attack recipient organs. There is growing evidence that microbes and innate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like (TLR) and nod-like receptors (NLR) are critically involved in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. A now widely accepted model postulates that intensive chemotherapy and / or total-body irradiation during pre-transplant conditioning result in tissue damage and a loss of epithelial barrier function. Subsequent translocation of bacterial components as well as release of endogenous danger molecules stimulate PRRs of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (‘cytokine storm’) that modulate T cell alloreactivity against host tissues, but eventually also the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Given the limitations of existing immunosuppressive therapies, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms which govern GVHD vs GVL is urgently needed. This may ultimately allow to design modulators which protect from GvHD but preserve donor T-cell attack on hematologic malignancies. Here, we will briefly summarize current knowledge about the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of GVHD and GVL following allo-HSCT.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00337/fullmicrobiotaPattern-recognition receptorsgraft-versus-host diseaseallogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationinflammsomedanger molecules |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Simon eHeidegger Marcel R. M. van den Brink Tobias eHaas Hendrik ePoeck Hendrik ePoeck |
spellingShingle |
Simon eHeidegger Marcel R. M. van den Brink Tobias eHaas Hendrik ePoeck Hendrik ePoeck The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation Frontiers in Immunology microbiota Pattern-recognition receptors graft-versus-host disease allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation inflammsome danger molecules |
author_facet |
Simon eHeidegger Marcel R. M. van den Brink Tobias eHaas Hendrik ePoeck Hendrik ePoeck |
author_sort |
Simon eHeidegger |
title |
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
title_short |
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
title_full |
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
title_fullStr |
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
title_full_unstemmed |
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in Graft-versus-host disease and Graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
title_sort |
role of pattern-recognition receptors in graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2014-07-01 |
description |
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only treatment with curative potential for certain aggressive hematopoietic malignancies. Its success is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication that occurs when alloreactive donor T cells attack recipient organs. There is growing evidence that microbes and innate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like (TLR) and nod-like receptors (NLR) are critically involved in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. A now widely accepted model postulates that intensive chemotherapy and / or total-body irradiation during pre-transplant conditioning result in tissue damage and a loss of epithelial barrier function. Subsequent translocation of bacterial components as well as release of endogenous danger molecules stimulate PRRs of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (‘cytokine storm’) that modulate T cell alloreactivity against host tissues, but eventually also the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Given the limitations of existing immunosuppressive therapies, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms which govern GVHD vs GVL is urgently needed. This may ultimately allow to design modulators which protect from GvHD but preserve donor T-cell attack on hematologic malignancies. Here, we will briefly summarize current knowledge about the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of GVHD and GVL following allo-HSCT. |
topic |
microbiota Pattern-recognition receptors graft-versus-host disease allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation inflammsome danger molecules |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00337/full |
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