The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation
Seventy to ninety percentage of preformed xenoreactive antibodies in human serum bind to the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose Gal epitope, and the creation of Gal knockout (KO) pigs has eliminated hyperacute rejection as a barrier to xenotransplantation. Now other glycan antigens are barriers to move ahea...
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doaj-b82e0f16d92b49ffa0e3a9d83e6cafde2020-11-25T01:45:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-04-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.00622462421The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in XenotransplantationAlfred Joseph Tector0Mathilde Mosser1Matthew Tector2Jean-Marie Bach3Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United StatesImmuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, FranceDepartment of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United StatesImmuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, FranceSeventy to ninety percentage of preformed xenoreactive antibodies in human serum bind to the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose Gal epitope, and the creation of Gal knockout (KO) pigs has eliminated hyperacute rejection as a barrier to xenotransplantation. Now other glycan antigens are barriers to move ahead with xenotransplantation, and the N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, Neu5Gc (or Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen), is also a major pig xenoantigen. Humans have anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Several data indicate a strong immunogenicity of Neu5Gc in humans that may contribute to an important part in antibody-dependent injury to pig xenografts. Pig islets express Neu5Gc, which reacted with diet-derived human antibodies and mice deleted for Neu5Gc reject pancreatic islets from wild-type counterpart. However, Neu5Gc positive heart were not rejected in Neu5Gc KO mice indicating that the role of Neu5Gc-specific antibodies has to be nuanced and depend of the graft situation parameters (organ/tissue, recipient, implication of other glycan antigens). Recently generated Gal/Neu5Gc KO pigs eliminate the expression of Gal and Neu5Gc, and improve the crossmatch of humans with the pig. This review summarizes the current and recent experimental and (pre)clinical data on the Neu5Gc immunogenicity and emphasize of the potential impact of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in limiting xenotransplantation in humans.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00622/fullsialic acidxenotransplantationanti-Neu5Gcgraft rejectionpighuman disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alfred Joseph Tector Mathilde Mosser Matthew Tector Jean-Marie Bach |
spellingShingle |
Alfred Joseph Tector Mathilde Mosser Matthew Tector Jean-Marie Bach The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation Frontiers in Immunology sialic acid xenotransplantation anti-Neu5Gc graft rejection pig human disease |
author_facet |
Alfred Joseph Tector Mathilde Mosser Matthew Tector Jean-Marie Bach |
author_sort |
Alfred Joseph Tector |
title |
The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation |
title_short |
The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation |
title_full |
The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation |
title_fullStr |
The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation |
title_sort |
possible role of anti-neu5gc as an obstacle in xenotransplantation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Seventy to ninety percentage of preformed xenoreactive antibodies in human serum bind to the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose Gal epitope, and the creation of Gal knockout (KO) pigs has eliminated hyperacute rejection as a barrier to xenotransplantation. Now other glycan antigens are barriers to move ahead with xenotransplantation, and the N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, Neu5Gc (or Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen), is also a major pig xenoantigen. Humans have anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Several data indicate a strong immunogenicity of Neu5Gc in humans that may contribute to an important part in antibody-dependent injury to pig xenografts. Pig islets express Neu5Gc, which reacted with diet-derived human antibodies and mice deleted for Neu5Gc reject pancreatic islets from wild-type counterpart. However, Neu5Gc positive heart were not rejected in Neu5Gc KO mice indicating that the role of Neu5Gc-specific antibodies has to be nuanced and depend of the graft situation parameters (organ/tissue, recipient, implication of other glycan antigens). Recently generated Gal/Neu5Gc KO pigs eliminate the expression of Gal and Neu5Gc, and improve the crossmatch of humans with the pig. This review summarizes the current and recent experimental and (pre)clinical data on the Neu5Gc immunogenicity and emphasize of the potential impact of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in limiting xenotransplantation in humans. |
topic |
sialic acid xenotransplantation anti-Neu5Gc graft rejection pig human disease |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00622/full |
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