Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities
Antibiotic resistance is a major concern given the rapid emergence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared to the discovery of novel antibacterials. An alternative strategy is enhancing the existing available drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as an exciting area of research, showing promise in th...
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doaj-b840f353d8cc4c9eb7cb5ea52a740e1f2021-08-26T13:28:07ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-08-011096496410.3390/antibiotics10080964Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial ActivitiesNoor Akbar0Jasra Gul1Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui2Muhammad Raza Shah3Naveed Ahmed Khan4College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab EmiratesInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanCollege of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab EmiratesInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesAntibiotic resistance is a major concern given the rapid emergence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared to the discovery of novel antibacterials. An alternative strategy is enhancing the existing available drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as an exciting area of research, showing promise in the enhanced development of existing antimicrobials. Herein, we synthesized nanocarriers and loaded these with available clinically approved drugs, namely Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole. Bactericidal activity against Gram-negative (<i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>) and Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>) bacteria was investigated. To characterize the nanocarriers and their drug-loaded forms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were utilized. Antibacterial assays and hemolysis assays were carried out. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to determine cytotoxicity against human cells. The results depicted the successful formation of drug–nanocarrier complexes. The potent antibacterial activities of the drug-loaded nanocarriers were observed and were significantly enhanced in comparison to the drugs alone. Hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays revealed minimal or negligible cytotoxic effects against human red blood cells and human cells. Overall, metronidazole-based nanocarriers loaded with Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole showed enhanced bactericidal effects against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared with drugs alone, without affecting human cells. Our findings show that drug-loaded nanocarriers hold promise as potent chemotherapeutic drugs against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/964antibiotic resistancenanocarriersMoxifloxacinSulfamethoxazolecytotoxicityniosomes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Noor Akbar Jasra Gul Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Muhammad Raza Shah Naveed Ahmed Khan |
spellingShingle |
Noor Akbar Jasra Gul Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Muhammad Raza Shah Naveed Ahmed Khan Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities Antibiotics antibiotic resistance nanocarriers Moxifloxacin Sulfamethoxazole cytotoxicity niosomes |
author_facet |
Noor Akbar Jasra Gul Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Muhammad Raza Shah Naveed Ahmed Khan |
author_sort |
Noor Akbar |
title |
Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities |
title_short |
Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities |
title_full |
Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities |
title_fullStr |
Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities |
title_sort |
moxifloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-based nanocarriers exhibit potent antibacterial activities |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Antibiotic resistance is a major concern given the rapid emergence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared to the discovery of novel antibacterials. An alternative strategy is enhancing the existing available drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as an exciting area of research, showing promise in the enhanced development of existing antimicrobials. Herein, we synthesized nanocarriers and loaded these with available clinically approved drugs, namely Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole. Bactericidal activity against Gram-negative (<i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>) and Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>) bacteria was investigated. To characterize the nanocarriers and their drug-loaded forms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were utilized. Antibacterial assays and hemolysis assays were carried out. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to determine cytotoxicity against human cells. The results depicted the successful formation of drug–nanocarrier complexes. The potent antibacterial activities of the drug-loaded nanocarriers were observed and were significantly enhanced in comparison to the drugs alone. Hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays revealed minimal or negligible cytotoxic effects against human red blood cells and human cells. Overall, metronidazole-based nanocarriers loaded with Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole showed enhanced bactericidal effects against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared with drugs alone, without affecting human cells. Our findings show that drug-loaded nanocarriers hold promise as potent chemotherapeutic drugs against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. |
topic |
antibiotic resistance nanocarriers Moxifloxacin Sulfamethoxazole cytotoxicity niosomes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/964 |
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