MAIZE AND JACK BEANS INTERCROPPING AND SUCESSION AS ALTERNATIVE FOR NO-TILL SYSTEM CONSÓRCIO E SUCESSÃO DE MILHO E FEIJÃO-DE-PORCO COMO ALTERNATIVA DE CULTIVO SOB PLANTIO DIRETO

• Main Authors: Luiz Paulo Figueredo Benício, Fabio Yoshyiuki Kikuchi, Leonardo Santos Collier, Sérgio Alves de Souza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade Federal de Goiás 2011-07-01
• Series: Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical
• Subjects: Zea mays L.; Canavalia ensiformis; adubação verde.
• Online Access: http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/pat/article/view/8706

&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;The use of leguminous species&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;under no-till system can increase the N content, decreasing the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. However, in ecosystems such as the Brazilian Savannah, the fast decomposition of their straw can result in a deficient soil cover, which can be avoided by intercropping them with a gramineous plant, such as maize. This study aimed to evaluate maize yield; macronutrients contents, with jack beans (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Canavalia ensiformis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;) as green fertilizer and intercropped under no-till system; and rates of crop residues decomposition. The experimental design was split-plot randomized blocks, with four replications, and treatments evaluated per plot were: jack beans sown in October, followed by maize, in December; jack beans sown with maize, in December; maize sown in December, without jack beans, under rice straw; and maize without previous straw, under infesting plants residues dried up at the moment of planting. For split-plots, two N mineral doses were used (75 kg ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; and 150 kg ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;), and, outside delineation, an additional treatment with single jack beans was applied. Treatments with leguminous species did not present significant effect on maize yield and macronutrients content, but there was higher efficiency index per area, with no competitive effect on maize yield. There was no difference among the N doses, allowing nitrogenous fertilizing reduction. Jack beans, as cover crop or intercropped with maize, did not affect macronutrients composition on the aerial part of leguminous species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;<br>&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify !important; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;O uso de leguminosas em sistema plantio direto (SPD) aumenta o aporte de N, podendo reduzir a necessidade de utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados. No entanto, em ecossistemas como o Cerrado, a rápida decomposição da palha de leguminosas pode resultar em cobertura deficiente do solo, o que pode ser evitado pelo consórcio da leguminosa com uma gramínea, como o milho. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade do milho; teores de macronutrientes, na presença de feijão-de-porco (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Canavalia ensiformis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;), como adubo verde e consorciado em SPD; e taxas de decomposição dos resíduos das culturas. O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados nas parcelas foram: feijão-de-porco plantado em outubro, seguido por milho, em dezembro; feijão-de-porco plantado junto com milho, em dezembro; milho plantado em dezembro, sem feijão-de-porco, sob palha de arroz; e milho sem palhada antecessora, sob resíduos de plantas infestantes, dessecadas no momento do plantio. Nas subparcelas, foram alocadas duas doses de N mineral (75 kg ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; e 150 kg ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;) e, fora do delineamento, um tratamento adicional com feijão-de-porco solteiro. Os tratamentos com a leguminosa não apresentaram efeito significativo na produtividade de milho e teor de macronutrientes, mas, nestes tratamentos, houve maior índice de eficiência por área, sem efeito competitivo na produção do milho. Não houve diferença entre as doses de N, possibilitando redução da adubação nitrogenada. O feijão-de-porco, como cobertura ou consorciado, não afetou a composição de macronutrientes, na parte aérea da leguminosa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;