The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
Background: The sub-Saharan Africa has the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world. However, infrastructure growth in the region is slower than urbanisation rates, leading to inadequate provision and access to basic services such as piped safe drinking water. Lack of sufficient access to safe wate...
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doaj-b878a83042c0420e98cf577caf659f972021-07-26T13:57:18ZengF1000 Research LtdAAS Open Research2515-93212021-05-01410.12688/aasopenres.13225.114345The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]Nyamai Mutono0Jim A Wright1Henry Mutembei2Josphat Muema3Mair L.H Thomas4Mumbua Mutunga5Samuel Mwangi Thumbi6Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaGeography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKWangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaGeography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKInstitute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaPaul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, USABackground: The sub-Saharan Africa has the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world. However, infrastructure growth in the region is slower than urbanisation rates, leading to inadequate provision and access to basic services such as piped safe drinking water. Lack of sufficient access to safe water has the potential to increase the burden of waterborne diseases among these urbanising populations. This scoping review assesses how the relationship between waterborne diseases and water sufficiency in Africa has been studied. Methods: In April 2020, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases for studies of African cities that examined the effect of insufficient piped water supply on selected waterborne disease and syndromes (cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, amoebiasis, dysentery, gastroneteritis, cryptosporidium, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, rotavirus). Only studies conducted in cities that had more than half a million residents in 2014 were included. Results: A total of 32 studies in 24 cities from 17 countries were included in the study. Most studies used case-control, cross-sectional individual or ecological level study designs. Proportion of the study population with access to piped water was the common water availability metrics measured while amounts consumed per capita or water interruptions were seldom used in assessing sufficient water supply. Diarrhea, cholera and typhoid were the major diseases or syndromes used to understand the association between health and water sufficiency in urban areas. There was weak correlation between the study designs used and the association with health outcomes and water sufficiency metrics. Very few studies looked at change in health outcomes and water sufficiency over time. Conclusion: Surveillance of health outcomes and the trends in piped water quantity and mode of access should be prioritised in urban areas in Africa in order to implement interventions towards reducing the burden associated with waterborne diseases and syndromes.https://aasopenresearch.org/articles/4-27/v1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nyamai Mutono Jim A Wright Henry Mutembei Josphat Muema Mair L.H Thomas Mumbua Mutunga Samuel Mwangi Thumbi |
spellingShingle |
Nyamai Mutono Jim A Wright Henry Mutembei Josphat Muema Mair L.H Thomas Mumbua Mutunga Samuel Mwangi Thumbi The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] AAS Open Research |
author_facet |
Nyamai Mutono Jim A Wright Henry Mutembei Josphat Muema Mair L.H Thomas Mumbua Mutunga Samuel Mwangi Thumbi |
author_sort |
Nyamai Mutono |
title |
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
title_short |
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
title_full |
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
title_fullStr |
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
title_full_unstemmed |
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
title_sort |
nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in africa: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
publisher |
F1000 Research Ltd |
series |
AAS Open Research |
issn |
2515-9321 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Background: The sub-Saharan Africa has the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world. However, infrastructure growth in the region is slower than urbanisation rates, leading to inadequate provision and access to basic services such as piped safe drinking water. Lack of sufficient access to safe water has the potential to increase the burden of waterborne diseases among these urbanising populations. This scoping review assesses how the relationship between waterborne diseases and water sufficiency in Africa has been studied. Methods: In April 2020, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases for studies of African cities that examined the effect of insufficient piped water supply on selected waterborne disease and syndromes (cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, amoebiasis, dysentery, gastroneteritis, cryptosporidium, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, rotavirus). Only studies conducted in cities that had more than half a million residents in 2014 were included. Results: A total of 32 studies in 24 cities from 17 countries were included in the study. Most studies used case-control, cross-sectional individual or ecological level study designs. Proportion of the study population with access to piped water was the common water availability metrics measured while amounts consumed per capita or water interruptions were seldom used in assessing sufficient water supply. Diarrhea, cholera and typhoid were the major diseases or syndromes used to understand the association between health and water sufficiency in urban areas. There was weak correlation between the study designs used and the association with health outcomes and water sufficiency metrics. Very few studies looked at change in health outcomes and water sufficiency over time. Conclusion: Surveillance of health outcomes and the trends in piped water quantity and mode of access should be prioritised in urban areas in Africa in order to implement interventions towards reducing the burden associated with waterborne diseases and syndromes. |
url |
https://aasopenresearch.org/articles/4-27/v1 |
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