Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an exclusively human herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and establishes a latent infection in ganglia, reactivating decades later to produce zoster and associated neurological complications. An understanding of VZV neurotropism in humans has long been hampered by the lack o...
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doaj-b9353f687a1448c59a626239f20ca2b12020-11-25T01:14:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-05-0111650210.3390/v11060502v11060502Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus NeurotropismRavi Mahalingam0Anne Gershon1Michael Gershon2Jeffrey I. Cohen3Ann Arvin4Leigh Zerboni5Hua Zhu6Wayne Gray7Ilhem Messaoudi8Vicki Traina-Dorge9Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USADepartment of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USALaboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAPediatric Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAPediatric Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USABiology Department, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USADepartments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADivision of Microbiology, Tulane University, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USAVaricella-zoster virus (VZV), an exclusively human herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and establishes a latent infection in ganglia, reactivating decades later to produce zoster and associated neurological complications. An understanding of VZV neurotropism in humans has long been hampered by the lack of an adequate animal model. For example, experimental inoculation of VZV in small animals including guinea pigs and cotton rats results in the infection of ganglia but not a rash. The severe combined immune deficient human (SCID-hu) model allows the study of VZV neurotropism for human neural sub-populations. Simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of rhesus macaques (RM) closely resembles both human primary VZV infection and reactivation, with analyses at early times after infection providing valuable information about the extent of viral replication and the host immune responses. Indeed, a critical role for CD4 T-cell immunity during acute SVV infection as well as reactivation has emerged based on studies using RM. Herein we discuss the results of efforts from different groups to establish an animal model of VZV neurotropism.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/6/502varicella zoster virusanimal modelssimian varicella virus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ravi Mahalingam Anne Gershon Michael Gershon Jeffrey I. Cohen Ann Arvin Leigh Zerboni Hua Zhu Wayne Gray Ilhem Messaoudi Vicki Traina-Dorge |
spellingShingle |
Ravi Mahalingam Anne Gershon Michael Gershon Jeffrey I. Cohen Ann Arvin Leigh Zerboni Hua Zhu Wayne Gray Ilhem Messaoudi Vicki Traina-Dorge Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism Viruses varicella zoster virus animal models simian varicella virus |
author_facet |
Ravi Mahalingam Anne Gershon Michael Gershon Jeffrey I. Cohen Ann Arvin Leigh Zerboni Hua Zhu Wayne Gray Ilhem Messaoudi Vicki Traina-Dorge |
author_sort |
Ravi Mahalingam |
title |
Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism |
title_short |
Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism |
title_full |
Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism |
title_fullStr |
Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Current In Vivo Models of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neurotropism |
title_sort |
current in vivo models of varicella-zoster virus neurotropism |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an exclusively human herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and establishes a latent infection in ganglia, reactivating decades later to produce zoster and associated neurological complications. An understanding of VZV neurotropism in humans has long been hampered by the lack of an adequate animal model. For example, experimental inoculation of VZV in small animals including guinea pigs and cotton rats results in the infection of ganglia but not a rash. The severe combined immune deficient human (SCID-hu) model allows the study of VZV neurotropism for human neural sub-populations. Simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of rhesus macaques (RM) closely resembles both human primary VZV infection and reactivation, with analyses at early times after infection providing valuable information about the extent of viral replication and the host immune responses. Indeed, a critical role for CD4 T-cell immunity during acute SVV infection as well as reactivation has emerged based on studies using RM. Herein we discuss the results of efforts from different groups to establish an animal model of VZV neurotropism. |
topic |
varicella zoster virus animal models simian varicella virus |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/6/502 |
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