History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East
Phytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this reg...
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doaj-b96aac6d07f544b9aa748b609d7a229a2021-03-16T00:04:38ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-03-011022622610.3390/biology10030226History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle EastChamran Hemmati0Mehrnoosh Nikooei1Ali M. Al-Subhi2Abdullah M. Al-Sadi3Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Muscat 123, OmanMinab Higher Education Center, Department of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 3995, IranDepartment of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Muscat 123, OmanPhytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this region. Peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma strains (16SrII) are the prevalent group, especially in the south of Iran and Gulf states, and have been found to be associated with 81 host plant species. In addition, phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrVI, 16SrIX, and 16SrXII groups have been frequently reported from a wide range of crops. On the other hand, phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXXIX groups have limited geographical distribution and host range. Twenty-two insect vectors have been reported as putative phytoplasma vectors in the Middle East, of which <i>Orosius albicinctus</i> can transmit diverse phytoplasma strains. Almond witches’ broom, tomato big bud, lime witches’ broom, and alfalfa witches’ broom are known as the most destructive diseases. The review summarizes phytoplasma diseases in the Middle East, with specific emphasis on the occurrence, host range, and transmission of the most common phytoplasma groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/226Middle Eastphytoplasma diseasesinsect vectors16SrII phytoplasma group |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chamran Hemmati Mehrnoosh Nikooei Ali M. Al-Subhi Abdullah M. Al-Sadi |
spellingShingle |
Chamran Hemmati Mehrnoosh Nikooei Ali M. Al-Subhi Abdullah M. Al-Sadi History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East Biology Middle East phytoplasma diseases insect vectors 16SrII phytoplasma group |
author_facet |
Chamran Hemmati Mehrnoosh Nikooei Ali M. Al-Subhi Abdullah M. Al-Sadi |
author_sort |
Chamran Hemmati |
title |
History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East |
title_short |
History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East |
title_full |
History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East |
title_fullStr |
History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East |
title_full_unstemmed |
History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East |
title_sort |
history and current status of phytoplasma diseases in the middle east |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biology |
issn |
2079-7737 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Phytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this region. Peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma strains (16SrII) are the prevalent group, especially in the south of Iran and Gulf states, and have been found to be associated with 81 host plant species. In addition, phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrVI, 16SrIX, and 16SrXII groups have been frequently reported from a wide range of crops. On the other hand, phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXXIX groups have limited geographical distribution and host range. Twenty-two insect vectors have been reported as putative phytoplasma vectors in the Middle East, of which <i>Orosius albicinctus</i> can transmit diverse phytoplasma strains. Almond witches’ broom, tomato big bud, lime witches’ broom, and alfalfa witches’ broom are known as the most destructive diseases. The review summarizes phytoplasma diseases in the Middle East, with specific emphasis on the occurrence, host range, and transmission of the most common phytoplasma groups. |
topic |
Middle East phytoplasma diseases insect vectors 16SrII phytoplasma group |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/226 |
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