Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro...

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Main Authors: Thais Ferreira Fagundes, Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal, Pedro Afonso Moreira Alves, Wagner de Souza Tassinari, Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Menezes, Adevair Henrique da Fonseca, Maria Julia Salim Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Estadual de Londrina 2016-10-01
Series:Semina: Ciências Agrárias
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439
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spelling doaj-b9dde694d5154889829a1b409217a0972020-11-24T23:54:02ZengUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaSemina: Ciências Agrárias1676-546X1679-03592016-10-013753159317210.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p315914528Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilThais Ferreira Fagundes0Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal1Pedro Afonso Moreira Alves2Wagner de Souza Tassinari3Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Menezes4Adevair Henrique da Fonseca5Maria Julia Salim Pereira6Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroEstação Experimental de SeropédicaUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroThis study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old.http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439EpidemiologyGeneralized estimating equationsLogistic regression modelLongitudinal study.
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Thais Ferreira Fagundes
Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal
Pedro Afonso Moreira Alves
Wagner de Souza Tassinari
Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Menezes
Adevair Henrique da Fonseca
Maria Julia Salim Pereira
spellingShingle Thais Ferreira Fagundes
Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal
Pedro Afonso Moreira Alves
Wagner de Souza Tassinari
Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Menezes
Adevair Henrique da Fonseca
Maria Julia Salim Pereira
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Semina: Ciências Agrárias
Epidemiology
Generalized estimating equations
Logistic regression model
Longitudinal study.
author_facet Thais Ferreira Fagundes
Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal
Pedro Afonso Moreira Alves
Wagner de Souza Tassinari
Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Menezes
Adevair Henrique da Fonseca
Maria Julia Salim Pereira
author_sort Thais Ferreira Fagundes
title Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title_short Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title_full Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title_fullStr Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title_sort risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in piraí, rio de janeiro, brazil
publisher Universidade Estadual de Londrina
series Semina: Ciências Agrárias
issn 1676-546X
1679-0359
publishDate 2016-10-01
description This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old.
topic Epidemiology
Generalized estimating equations
Logistic regression model
Longitudinal study.
url http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439
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