Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought
Abstract Alliaria petiolata, a strict biennial in North America, can have an annual alternating high abundance of rosettes and flowering plants. We monitored changes in abundance of rosettes and flowering plants in permanent plots (2004–2014). Three times during our study, the alternating yearly cyc...
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doaj-ba15b291529c42878ec7a37ad48f947d2021-06-30T01:15:32ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252021-05-01125n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.3510Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and droughtRoger C. Anderson0M. Rebecca Anderson1Jonathan T. Bauer2Christopher Loebach3Alicia Mullarkey4Megan Engelhardt5School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Campus Box 4120 Normal Illinois61790USASchool of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Campus Box 4120 Normal Illinois61790USADepartment of Biology The Institute for the Environment and Sustainability Miami University 118 Shideler Hall, 250 S. Patterson Avenue Oxford Ohio45056USAKapur & Associates Inc. North Port Washington Road Milwaukee Wisconsin53217USADriftless Area Wetlands Centre 509 US‐18 Marquette Iowa52158USAMissouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Boulevard St. Louis Missouri63110USAAbstract Alliaria petiolata, a strict biennial in North America, can have an annual alternating high abundance of rosettes and flowering plants. We monitored changes in abundance of rosettes and flowering plants in permanent plots (2004–2014). Three times during our study, the alternating yearly cycle was not observed (2007–2008, 2008–2009, and 2013–2014). We concluded stochastic extreme climate events (ECEs), deviating from long‐term climatic data norms (10th or 90th percentile), likely caused negative organism responses. Long‐term data from a local NOAA station located 25 km from our study site included monthly data (1) total precipitation, (2) number of days with >0.13 cm precipitation, and (3) mean and minimum temperatures. September 2007 met the criteria for ECEs for all monthly variables. We first observed A. petiolata on our study site in 1988, and by the early 1990s, it was abundant. To determine whether September 2007 significantly differed from other September (1984–2014), we used six variables related to drought: (1) total precipitation, (2) number of days with precipitation, (3) number of contiguous days without precipitation, (4) mean monthly temperature, (5) mean maximum daily temperature, and (6) the number of days with temperatures >30°C. The first two variables likely increase plant stress as they decrease, whereas stress declines as the remaining variables decrease. We used the six variables to generate a principal component analysis (PCA) biplot. Axes 1 and 2 accounted for 74.3% of the variance. Record‐breaking minimum temperatures (ECEs) for January (2009) and February–March (2014) likely reduced rosette abundance and disrupted reestablishment of alternating high abundance of rosettes and flowering plants. Our data suggest that a single ECE variable, minimum temperature, and multiple ECE variables related to drought likely had negative effects on A. petiolata.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3510declining alternating abundanceextreme climateflowering plantsnegative responserosettesstochastic weather events |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Roger C. Anderson M. Rebecca Anderson Jonathan T. Bauer Christopher Loebach Alicia Mullarkey Megan Engelhardt |
spellingShingle |
Roger C. Anderson M. Rebecca Anderson Jonathan T. Bauer Christopher Loebach Alicia Mullarkey Megan Engelhardt Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought Ecosphere declining alternating abundance extreme climate flowering plants negative response rosettes stochastic weather events |
author_facet |
Roger C. Anderson M. Rebecca Anderson Jonathan T. Bauer Christopher Loebach Alicia Mullarkey Megan Engelhardt |
author_sort |
Roger C. Anderson |
title |
Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
title_short |
Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
title_full |
Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
title_fullStr |
Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
title_full_unstemmed |
Response of the invasive Alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
title_sort |
response of the invasive alliaria petiolata to extreme temperatures and drought |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Ecosphere |
issn |
2150-8925 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Alliaria petiolata, a strict biennial in North America, can have an annual alternating high abundance of rosettes and flowering plants. We monitored changes in abundance of rosettes and flowering plants in permanent plots (2004–2014). Three times during our study, the alternating yearly cycle was not observed (2007–2008, 2008–2009, and 2013–2014). We concluded stochastic extreme climate events (ECEs), deviating from long‐term climatic data norms (10th or 90th percentile), likely caused negative organism responses. Long‐term data from a local NOAA station located 25 km from our study site included monthly data (1) total precipitation, (2) number of days with >0.13 cm precipitation, and (3) mean and minimum temperatures. September 2007 met the criteria for ECEs for all monthly variables. We first observed A. petiolata on our study site in 1988, and by the early 1990s, it was abundant. To determine whether September 2007 significantly differed from other September (1984–2014), we used six variables related to drought: (1) total precipitation, (2) number of days with precipitation, (3) number of contiguous days without precipitation, (4) mean monthly temperature, (5) mean maximum daily temperature, and (6) the number of days with temperatures >30°C. The first two variables likely increase plant stress as they decrease, whereas stress declines as the remaining variables decrease. We used the six variables to generate a principal component analysis (PCA) biplot. Axes 1 and 2 accounted for 74.3% of the variance. Record‐breaking minimum temperatures (ECEs) for January (2009) and February–March (2014) likely reduced rosette abundance and disrupted reestablishment of alternating high abundance of rosettes and flowering plants. Our data suggest that a single ECE variable, minimum temperature, and multiple ECE variables related to drought likely had negative effects on A. petiolata. |
topic |
declining alternating abundance extreme climate flowering plants negative response rosettes stochastic weather events |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3510 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT rogercanderson responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought AT mrebeccaanderson responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought AT jonathantbauer responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought AT christopherloebach responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought AT aliciamullarkey responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought AT meganengelhardt responseoftheinvasivealliariapetiolatatoextremetemperaturesanddrought |
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1721353991022968832 |