Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit
Flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides are major phenolic compounds in strawberry fruit. They have antioxidant activity, show protective functions against abiotic and biotic stress, and provide health benefits. However, their spatial distribution in ripe fruit has not been understood. Therefore, matr...
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doaj-bb55566f806f4999af3d534977d8d0492020-11-25T03:53:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-10-01254600460010.3390/molecules25204600Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry FruitHirofumi Enomoto0Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, JapanFlavonols and ellagic acid glycosides are major phenolic compounds in strawberry fruit. They have antioxidant activity, show protective functions against abiotic and biotic stress, and provide health benefits. However, their spatial distribution in ripe fruit has not been understood. Therefore, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was performed to investigate their distribution in fruit tissues. Using strawberry extract, five flavonols, namely, three kaempferols and two quercetins, and two ellagic acid glycosides, were tentatively identified by MALDI-tandem MS. To investigate the tentatively identified compounds, MALDI-MSI and tandem MS imaging (MS/MSI) analyses were performed. Kaempferol and quercetin glycosides showed similar distribution patterns. They were mainly found in the epidermis, while ellagic acid glycosides were mainly found in the achene and in the bottom area of the receptacle. These results suggested that the difference in distribution pattern between flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides depends on the difference between their aglycones. Seemingly, flavonols play a role in protective functions in the epidermis, while ellagic acid glycosides play a role in the achene and in the bottom side of the receptacle, respectively. These results demonstrated that MALDI-MSI is useful for distribution analysis of flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides in strawberry fruit.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4600mass spectrometry imagingstrawberry fruitflavonolsellagic acid glycosidesmatrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationmatrix vapor deposition/recrystallization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hirofumi Enomoto |
spellingShingle |
Hirofumi Enomoto Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Molecules mass spectrometry imaging strawberry fruit flavonols ellagic acid glycosides matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization matrix vapor deposition/recrystallization |
author_facet |
Hirofumi Enomoto |
author_sort |
Hirofumi Enomoto |
title |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit |
title_short |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit |
title_full |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit |
title_fullStr |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Flavonols and Ellagic Acid Glycosides in Ripe Strawberry Fruit |
title_sort |
mass spectrometry imaging of flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides in ripe strawberry fruit |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides are major phenolic compounds in strawberry fruit. They have antioxidant activity, show protective functions against abiotic and biotic stress, and provide health benefits. However, their spatial distribution in ripe fruit has not been understood. Therefore, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was performed to investigate their distribution in fruit tissues. Using strawberry extract, five flavonols, namely, three kaempferols and two quercetins, and two ellagic acid glycosides, were tentatively identified by MALDI-tandem MS. To investigate the tentatively identified compounds, MALDI-MSI and tandem MS imaging (MS/MSI) analyses were performed. Kaempferol and quercetin glycosides showed similar distribution patterns. They were mainly found in the epidermis, while ellagic acid glycosides were mainly found in the achene and in the bottom area of the receptacle. These results suggested that the difference in distribution pattern between flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides depends on the difference between their aglycones. Seemingly, flavonols play a role in protective functions in the epidermis, while ellagic acid glycosides play a role in the achene and in the bottom side of the receptacle, respectively. These results demonstrated that MALDI-MSI is useful for distribution analysis of flavonols and ellagic acid glycosides in strawberry fruit. |
topic |
mass spectrometry imaging strawberry fruit flavonols ellagic acid glycosides matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization matrix vapor deposition/recrystallization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4600 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hirofumienomoto massspectrometryimagingofflavonolsandellagicacidglycosidesinripestrawberryfruit |
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