Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors
When the social, economic, or ecological conditions under which socio-ecological systems are expected to adapt become untenable, a system may transform into a fundamentally new system. Within agricultural systems, farmers have the option of significantly transforming their practices, or migrating el...
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doaj-bbac7aac135a4f93aab9220f911c110f2020-11-25T01:02:26ZengElsevierWeather and Climate Extremes2212-09472018-09-01215264Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factorsMojtaba Khanian0Nadine Marshall1Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi2Marziyeh Salimi3Asadollah Naghdi4Young Researchers and Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran; Corresponding author.CSIRO, Land and Water, Townsville, AustraliaDepartment of the Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranDepartment of Social Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranWhen the social, economic, or ecological conditions under which socio-ecological systems are expected to adapt become untenable, a system may transform into a fundamentally new system. Within agricultural systems, farmers have the option of significantly transforming their practices, or migrating elsewhere in the search for a better lifestyle (and exiting the agricultural socio-ecological system). However, if governments, communities and industry leaders are to provide climate change impact support to agricultural regions, then it becomes critical to predict the conditions under which farmers, households and communities will choose to either transform their farming or migrate. We hypothesize that those conditions are likely to reflect environmental, economic and social conditions within a region, where some communities and/or some farmers may respond differently depending on their environmental, economic and social factors. Here, we examine how the perception of farmers to transformational change is influenced by social, environmental and economic factors in six villages within the Famenin County of western Iran, which have experienced a notable recent decrease in groundwater levels, an increase in temperature due to reduced rainfall and no support from government. Results show that environmental, economic and social factors were all important influences on the social transformations that were occurring within each village and across the region. In sum, environmental flexibility and local corporation eased the transformation process. Place attachment and social capital were critical to facilitate transformation during all parts of the transformation process. These results are discussed as two separate scenarios. Keywords: Transformation, Climate change adaptation, Environmental dependency, Economic factors, Social factorshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094718300197 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mojtaba Khanian Nadine Marshall Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Marziyeh Salimi Asadollah Naghdi |
spellingShingle |
Mojtaba Khanian Nadine Marshall Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Marziyeh Salimi Asadollah Naghdi Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors Weather and Climate Extremes |
author_facet |
Mojtaba Khanian Nadine Marshall Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Marziyeh Salimi Asadollah Naghdi |
author_sort |
Mojtaba Khanian |
title |
Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
title_short |
Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
title_full |
Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
title_fullStr |
Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transforming agriculture to climate change in Famenin County, West Iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
title_sort |
transforming agriculture to climate change in famenin county, west iran through a focus on environmental, economic and social factors |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Weather and Climate Extremes |
issn |
2212-0947 |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
When the social, economic, or ecological conditions under which socio-ecological systems are expected to adapt become untenable, a system may transform into a fundamentally new system. Within agricultural systems, farmers have the option of significantly transforming their practices, or migrating elsewhere in the search for a better lifestyle (and exiting the agricultural socio-ecological system). However, if governments, communities and industry leaders are to provide climate change impact support to agricultural regions, then it becomes critical to predict the conditions under which farmers, households and communities will choose to either transform their farming or migrate. We hypothesize that those conditions are likely to reflect environmental, economic and social conditions within a region, where some communities and/or some farmers may respond differently depending on their environmental, economic and social factors. Here, we examine how the perception of farmers to transformational change is influenced by social, environmental and economic factors in six villages within the Famenin County of western Iran, which have experienced a notable recent decrease in groundwater levels, an increase in temperature due to reduced rainfall and no support from government. Results show that environmental, economic and social factors were all important influences on the social transformations that were occurring within each village and across the region. In sum, environmental flexibility and local corporation eased the transformation process. Place attachment and social capital were critical to facilitate transformation during all parts of the transformation process. These results are discussed as two separate scenarios. Keywords: Transformation, Climate change adaptation, Environmental dependency, Economic factors, Social factors |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094718300197 |
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