Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord. Methods: In experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15 μL saline or fentanyl 0.0...

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Main Authors: Yesim Cokay Abut, Asli Zengin Turkmen, Ahmet Midi, Burak Eren, Nese Yener, Asiye Nurten
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2015-01-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001413001796
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language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Yesim Cokay Abut
Asli Zengin Turkmen
Ahmet Midi
Burak Eren
Nese Yener
Asiye Nurten
spellingShingle Yesim Cokay Abut
Asli Zengin Turkmen
Ahmet Midi
Burak Eren
Nese Yener
Asiye Nurten
Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
author_facet Yesim Cokay Abut
Asli Zengin Turkmen
Ahmet Midi
Burak Eren
Nese Yener
Asiye Nurten
author_sort Yesim Cokay Abut
title Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
title_short Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
title_full Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
title_fullStr Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
title_full_unstemmed Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
title_sort neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cord
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
issn 0104-0014
publishDate 2015-01-01
description Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord. Methods: In experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15 μL saline or fentanyl 0.0005 μg/15 μL, levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 μL and fentanyl 0.0005 μg + levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 μL intrathecally for four days. Hot plate test was performed to assess neurologic function after each injection at 5th, 30th and 60th min. Five days after last lumbal injection, spinal cord sections between the T5 and T6 vertebral levels were obtained for histologic analysis. A score based on subjective assessment of number of eosinophilic neurons – Red neuron – which means irreversible neuronal degeneration. They reflect the approximate number of degenerating neurons present in the affected neuroanatomic areas as follows: 1, none; 2, 1–20%; 3, 21–40%; 4, 41–60%; and 5, 61–100% dead neurons. An overall neuropathologic score was calculated for each rat by summating the pathologic scores for all spinal cord areas examined. Results: In the results of HPT, comparing the control group, analgesic latency statistically prolonged for all four groups.In neuropathologic investment, the fentanyl and fentanyl + levobupivacaine groups have statistically significant high degenerative neuron counts than control and saline groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that, when administered intrathecally in rats, fentanyl and levobupivacaine behave similar for analgesic action, but fentanyl may be neurotoxic for spinal cord. There was no significant degeneration with levobupivacaine, but fentanyl group has had significant degeneration. Resumo: Justificativa: O objetivo desde estudo foi comparar os efeitos neurotóxicos da administração por via intratecal de levobupivacaína e fentanil e suas misturas sobre a medula espinhal de ratos. Métodos: O experimento compreendeu quatro grupos que receberam medicamento e um grupo controle. Os ratos foram submetidos à injeção de salina (15 μL) ou fentanil (0,0005 μg/15 mL), levobupivacaína a 0,25% (15 μL) e fentanil (0,0005 μg + levobupivacaine a 0,25%/15 μL) por via intratecal durante quatro dias. O teste de placa quente foi usado para avaliar a função neurológica após cada injeção nos minutos 5, 30 e 60. Cinco dias após a última injeção lombar, secções da medula espinal entre os níveis vertebrais T5 e T6 foram obtidas para análise histológica. Usamos um escore com base na avaliação subjetiva do número de neurônios eosinofílicos (neurônios vermelhos), o que significa degeneração neuronal irreversível. Esses neurônios refletem o número aproximado de neurônios em degeneração presentes nas áreas neuroanatômicas afetadas da seguinte forma: 1 = nenhum; 2 = 1-20%; 3 = 21-40%; 4 = 41-60% e 5 = 61-100% neurônios mortos. Um escore neuropatológico global foi calculado para cada rato pela soma dos escores patológicos para todas as áreas examinadas da medula espinhal. Resultados: Nos resultados do TPQ, comparando o grupo controle, a latência analgésica foi estatisticamente prolongada para todos os quatro grupos.Em investimento neuropatológico, os grupos fentanil e fentanyl + levobupivacaine apresentaram degeneração neuronal em contagens significativamente mais altas que os grupos controle e salina. Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que fentanil e levobupivacaína, quando administrados por via intratecal em ratos, se comportam de forma semelhante à ação analgésica, mas fentanil pode ser neurotóxico para a medula espinhal. Não houve degeneração significativa com levobupivacaína, mas o grupo fentanil apresentou degeneração significativa. Keywords: Levobupivacaine, Neurotoxicity, Fentanyl, Palavras-chave: Levobupivacaína, Neurotoxicidade, Fentanil
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001413001796
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spelling doaj-bc07ae0e29ca43af9e49ad9182f7cb152020-11-24T22:16:57ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Anesthesiology0104-00142015-01-016512733Neurotoxic effects of levobupivacaine and fentanyl on rat spinal cordYesim Cokay Abut0Asli Zengin Turkmen1Ahmet Midi2Burak Eren3Nese Yener4Asiye Nurten5Department of Anesthesiology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Corresponding author.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, TurkeyBackground: The purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord. Methods: In experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15 μL saline or fentanyl 0.0005 μg/15 μL, levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 μL and fentanyl 0.0005 μg + levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 μL intrathecally for four days. Hot plate test was performed to assess neurologic function after each injection at 5th, 30th and 60th min. Five days after last lumbal injection, spinal cord sections between the T5 and T6 vertebral levels were obtained for histologic analysis. A score based on subjective assessment of number of eosinophilic neurons – Red neuron – which means irreversible neuronal degeneration. They reflect the approximate number of degenerating neurons present in the affected neuroanatomic areas as follows: 1, none; 2, 1–20%; 3, 21–40%; 4, 41–60%; and 5, 61–100% dead neurons. An overall neuropathologic score was calculated for each rat by summating the pathologic scores for all spinal cord areas examined. Results: In the results of HPT, comparing the control group, analgesic latency statistically prolonged for all four groups.In neuropathologic investment, the fentanyl and fentanyl + levobupivacaine groups have statistically significant high degenerative neuron counts than control and saline groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that, when administered intrathecally in rats, fentanyl and levobupivacaine behave similar for analgesic action, but fentanyl may be neurotoxic for spinal cord. There was no significant degeneration with levobupivacaine, but fentanyl group has had significant degeneration. Resumo: Justificativa: O objetivo desde estudo foi comparar os efeitos neurotóxicos da administração por via intratecal de levobupivacaína e fentanil e suas misturas sobre a medula espinhal de ratos. Métodos: O experimento compreendeu quatro grupos que receberam medicamento e um grupo controle. Os ratos foram submetidos à injeção de salina (15 μL) ou fentanil (0,0005 μg/15 mL), levobupivacaína a 0,25% (15 μL) e fentanil (0,0005 μg + levobupivacaine a 0,25%/15 μL) por via intratecal durante quatro dias. O teste de placa quente foi usado para avaliar a função neurológica após cada injeção nos minutos 5, 30 e 60. Cinco dias após a última injeção lombar, secções da medula espinal entre os níveis vertebrais T5 e T6 foram obtidas para análise histológica. Usamos um escore com base na avaliação subjetiva do número de neurônios eosinofílicos (neurônios vermelhos), o que significa degeneração neuronal irreversível. Esses neurônios refletem o número aproximado de neurônios em degeneração presentes nas áreas neuroanatômicas afetadas da seguinte forma: 1 = nenhum; 2 = 1-20%; 3 = 21-40%; 4 = 41-60% e 5 = 61-100% neurônios mortos. Um escore neuropatológico global foi calculado para cada rato pela soma dos escores patológicos para todas as áreas examinadas da medula espinhal. Resultados: Nos resultados do TPQ, comparando o grupo controle, a latência analgésica foi estatisticamente prolongada para todos os quatro grupos.Em investimento neuropatológico, os grupos fentanil e fentanyl + levobupivacaine apresentaram degeneração neuronal em contagens significativamente mais altas que os grupos controle e salina. Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que fentanil e levobupivacaína, quando administrados por via intratecal em ratos, se comportam de forma semelhante à ação analgésica, mas fentanil pode ser neurotóxico para a medula espinhal. Não houve degeneração significativa com levobupivacaína, mas o grupo fentanil apresentou degeneração significativa. Keywords: Levobupivacaine, Neurotoxicity, Fentanyl, Palavras-chave: Levobupivacaína, Neurotoxicidade, Fentanilhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001413001796