An outbreak of acute respiratory disease in China caused by human adenovirus type B55 in a physical training facility

• Main Authors: Xiaoyan Li, Mei Kong, Xu Su, Ming Zou, Liru Guo, Xiaochun Dong, Lin Li, Qing Gu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2014-11-01
• Series: International Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Subjects: Human adenovirus-B55; Respiratory infection outbreak; Whole genome sequence; Phylogenetic analysis
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971214015811
• ISSN: 1201-9712; 1878-3511

Objectives: To investigate the cause of an acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) outbreak. Methods: Thirty-eight clinical samples were collected from 19 patients in an ARTI outbreak that occurred in a physical training facility in January 2013; patient demographic information was also collected. In addition, 60 influenza virus-negative samples from febrile respiratory patients were collected from the same community at the same time to determine whether these were the same infections. Multiplex PCR (multi-PCR) was used to detect the possible pathogen in these samples. All human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive samples were inoculated onto Hep-2 cells for isolation. HAdV isolates were typed by hexon gene, fiber gene, and whole genome sequencing using primers designed in-house and compared to different type/serotype HAdVs downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine the type of the HAdV. Results: Of the 38 samples, 34 from 17 cases were HAdV-positive; two of them were co-infected, one with respiratory syncytial virus A and the other with human rhinovirus. The hexon gene open reading frame (ORF; 2841 nucleotides (nt)) and fiber gene ORF (978 nt) were obtained from four HAdV strains (TJ-2013-92, TJ-2013-94, TJ-2013-100, TJ-2013-122) from three upper respiratory infection cases and one pneumonia case. They were all completely identical. One HAdV isolate, TJ-2013-90, was selected for whole genome sequencing; 34 238 nt were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed the whole genome of TJ-2013-90 to be clustered together with HAdV-B55/HAdV-B11a. Three of 60 influenza virus-negative specimens were HAdV-positive, but hexon and fiber gene analysis showed that they were grouped in different branches to the HAdV isolates from this outbreak. Conclusions: The cause of this ARTI outbreak was HAdV-B55. This was another outbreak caused by this re-emerging virus. Continuous surveillance of respiratory adenovirus is necessary for disease control.