Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48
A low-density polyethylene was hydrocracked to liquid hydrocarbons in autoclave reactors over catalysts containing Pt- and Al-modified MCM-48. Two kinds of Al-modified MCM-48 were synthesized for the reaction: Al-MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method by mixing Al(iso-OC<sub>3</sub&g...
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doaj-bd05cae2d3e94ab58274304766db34732020-12-21T00:00:34ZengMDPI AGReactions2624-781X2020-12-0111419520910.3390/reactions1020014Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48Yanyong Liu0Research Institute of Energy Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, JapanA low-density polyethylene was hydrocracked to liquid hydrocarbons in autoclave reactors over catalysts containing Pt- and Al-modified MCM-48. Two kinds of Al-modified MCM-48 were synthesized for the reaction: Al-MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method by mixing Al(iso-OC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with Si(OC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub> and surfactant in a basic aqueous solution before hydrothermal synthesis, and Al/MCM-48 was synthesized using a post-modification method by grafting Al<sup>3+</sup> ions on the surface of calcined Al/MCM-48. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that both Al-MCM-48 and Al/MCM-48 had a cubic mesoporous structure. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of Al-MCM-48 and Al/MCM-48 were larger than 1000 m<sup>2</sup>/g. <sup>27</sup>Al Magic Angle Spinning-NMR (MAS NMR) indicated that Al<sup>3+</sup> in Al-MCM-48 was located inside the framework of mesoporous silica, but Al<sup>3+</sup> in Al/MCM-48 was located outside the framework of mesoporous silica. The results of ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD) showed that the acidic strength of various samples was in the order of H-Y > Al/MCM-48 > Al-MCM-48 > MCM-48. After 4 MPa H<sub>2</sub> was charged in the autoclave at room temperature, 1 wt % Pt/Al/MCM-48 catalyst showed a high yield of C<sub>9</sub>−C<sub>15</sub> jet fuel range hydrocarbons of 85.9% in the hydrocracking of polyethylene at 573 K for 4 h. Compared with the reaction results of Pt/Al/MCM-48, the yield of light hydrocarbons (C<sub>1</sub>−C<sub>8</sub>) increased over Pt/H-Y, and the yield of heavy hydrocarbons (C<sub>16</sub>−C<sub>21</sub>) increased over Pt/Al-MCM-48 in the hydrocracking of polyethylene. The yield of C<sub>9</sub>−C<sub>15</sub> jet fuel range hydrocarbons over the used catalyst did not decrease compared to the fresh catalyst in the hydrocracking of polyethylene to jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Pt/Al/MCM-48.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-781X/1/2/14polyethylenejet fuelhydrocrackingMCM-48Al modificationplatinum |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yanyong Liu |
spellingShingle |
Yanyong Liu Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 Reactions polyethylene jet fuel hydrocracking MCM-48 Al modification platinum |
author_facet |
Yanyong Liu |
author_sort |
Yanyong Liu |
title |
Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 |
title_short |
Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 |
title_full |
Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 |
title_fullStr |
Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrocracking of Polyethylene to Jet Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt- and Al-Modified MCM-48 |
title_sort |
hydrocracking of polyethylene to jet fuel range hydrocarbons over bifunctional catalysts containing pt- and al-modified mcm-48 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Reactions |
issn |
2624-781X |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
A low-density polyethylene was hydrocracked to liquid hydrocarbons in autoclave reactors over catalysts containing Pt- and Al-modified MCM-48. Two kinds of Al-modified MCM-48 were synthesized for the reaction: Al-MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method by mixing Al(iso-OC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with Si(OC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub> and surfactant in a basic aqueous solution before hydrothermal synthesis, and Al/MCM-48 was synthesized using a post-modification method by grafting Al<sup>3+</sup> ions on the surface of calcined Al/MCM-48. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that both Al-MCM-48 and Al/MCM-48 had a cubic mesoporous structure. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of Al-MCM-48 and Al/MCM-48 were larger than 1000 m<sup>2</sup>/g. <sup>27</sup>Al Magic Angle Spinning-NMR (MAS NMR) indicated that Al<sup>3+</sup> in Al-MCM-48 was located inside the framework of mesoporous silica, but Al<sup>3+</sup> in Al/MCM-48 was located outside the framework of mesoporous silica. The results of ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD) showed that the acidic strength of various samples was in the order of H-Y > Al/MCM-48 > Al-MCM-48 > MCM-48. After 4 MPa H<sub>2</sub> was charged in the autoclave at room temperature, 1 wt % Pt/Al/MCM-48 catalyst showed a high yield of C<sub>9</sub>−C<sub>15</sub> jet fuel range hydrocarbons of 85.9% in the hydrocracking of polyethylene at 573 K for 4 h. Compared with the reaction results of Pt/Al/MCM-48, the yield of light hydrocarbons (C<sub>1</sub>−C<sub>8</sub>) increased over Pt/H-Y, and the yield of heavy hydrocarbons (C<sub>16</sub>−C<sub>21</sub>) increased over Pt/Al-MCM-48 in the hydrocracking of polyethylene. The yield of C<sub>9</sub>−C<sub>15</sub> jet fuel range hydrocarbons over the used catalyst did not decrease compared to the fresh catalyst in the hydrocracking of polyethylene to jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Pt/Al/MCM-48. |
topic |
polyethylene jet fuel hydrocracking MCM-48 Al modification platinum |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2624-781X/1/2/14 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT yanyongliu hydrocrackingofpolyethylenetojetfuelrangehydrocarbonsoverbifunctionalcatalystscontainingptandalmodifiedmcm48 |
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1724376035771809792 |