Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications and high biocompatibility. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether CQDs can cause acute or long-term adverse reactions in aquatic organisms. In this study, two different types of CQDs prepa...
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doaj-bd3c275017894bdbb56908aac54c252a2021-06-01T00:08:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-01131598159810.3390/polym13101598Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult ModelsChih-Yu Chung0Yu-Ju Chen1Chia-Hui Kang2Hung-Yun Lin3Chih-Ching Huang4Pang-Hung Hsu5Han-Jia Lin6Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanCarbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications and high biocompatibility. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether CQDs can cause acute or long-term adverse reactions in aquatic organisms. In this study, two different types of CQDs prepared by ammonia citrate and spermidine, namely CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub>, were used to evaluate their biocompatibilities. In the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET), the LD50 of CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub> was about 500 and 100 ppm. During the stage of eleutheroembryo, the LD50 decreased to 340 and 55 ppm, respectively. However, both CQDs were quickly eliminated from embryo and eleutheroembryo, indicating a lack of bioaccumulation. Long-term accumulation of CQDs was also performed in this study, and adult zebrafish showed no adverse effects in 12 weeks. In addition, there was no difference in the hatchability and deformity rates of offspring produced by adult zebrafish, regardless of whether they were fed CQDs or not. The results showed that both CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub> have low toxicity and bioaccumulation to zebrafish. Moreover, the toxicity assay developed in this study provides a comprehensive platform to assess the impacts of CQDs on aquatic organisms in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/10/1598carbon quantum dotsnanotoxicology evaluationzebrafishcomprehensive life cycle |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chih-Yu Chung Yu-Ju Chen Chia-Hui Kang Hung-Yun Lin Chih-Ching Huang Pang-Hung Hsu Han-Jia Lin |
spellingShingle |
Chih-Yu Chung Yu-Ju Chen Chia-Hui Kang Hung-Yun Lin Chih-Ching Huang Pang-Hung Hsu Han-Jia Lin Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models Polymers carbon quantum dots nanotoxicology evaluation zebrafish comprehensive life cycle |
author_facet |
Chih-Yu Chung Yu-Ju Chen Chia-Hui Kang Hung-Yun Lin Chih-Ching Huang Pang-Hung Hsu Han-Jia Lin |
author_sort |
Chih-Yu Chung |
title |
Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models |
title_short |
Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models |
title_full |
Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models |
title_fullStr |
Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models |
title_sort |
toxic or not toxic, that is the carbon quantum dot’s question: a comprehensive evaluation with zebrafish embryo, eleutheroembryo, and adult models |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications and high biocompatibility. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether CQDs can cause acute or long-term adverse reactions in aquatic organisms. In this study, two different types of CQDs prepared by ammonia citrate and spermidine, namely CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub>, were used to evaluate their biocompatibilities. In the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET), the LD50 of CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub> was about 500 and 100 ppm. During the stage of eleutheroembryo, the LD50 decreased to 340 and 55 ppm, respectively. However, both CQDs were quickly eliminated from embryo and eleutheroembryo, indicating a lack of bioaccumulation. Long-term accumulation of CQDs was also performed in this study, and adult zebrafish showed no adverse effects in 12 weeks. In addition, there was no difference in the hatchability and deformity rates of offspring produced by adult zebrafish, regardless of whether they were fed CQDs or not. The results showed that both CQD<sub>AC</sub> and CQD<sub>Spd</sub> have low toxicity and bioaccumulation to zebrafish. Moreover, the toxicity assay developed in this study provides a comprehensive platform to assess the impacts of CQDs on aquatic organisms in the future. |
topic |
carbon quantum dots nanotoxicology evaluation zebrafish comprehensive life cycle |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/10/1598 |
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