Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard?
Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are heterogeneous in nature, not only due to differing disaccharide combinations, but also their sulfate modifications. HS is well known for its interactions with various growth factors and cytokines; and heparin for its clinical us...
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MDPI AG
2015-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/3/4254 |
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doaj-bd65b1719ff14ab68fea082a367d51992020-11-24T22:33:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492015-03-012034254427610.3390/molecules20034254molecules20034254Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard?Brooke L. Farrugia0Megan S. Lord1James Melrose2John M. Whitelock3Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaGraduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaGraduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaGraduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaHeparan sulfate (HS) and heparin are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are heterogeneous in nature, not only due to differing disaccharide combinations, but also their sulfate modifications. HS is well known for its interactions with various growth factors and cytokines; and heparin for its clinical use as an anticoagulant. Due to their potential use in tissue regeneration; and the recent adverse events due to contamination of heparin; there is an increased surge to produce these GAGs on a commercial scale. The production of HS from natural sources is limited so strategies are being explored to be biomimetically produced via chemical; chemoenzymatic synthesis methods and through the recombinant expression of proteoglycans. This review details the most recent advances in the field of HS/heparin synthesis for the production of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and as a tool further our understanding of the interactions that occur between GAGs and growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue development and repair.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/3/4254heparan sulfateheparinlow molecular weight heparinglycosaminoglycansproteoglycans |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Brooke L. Farrugia Megan S. Lord James Melrose John M. Whitelock |
| spellingShingle |
Brooke L. Farrugia Megan S. Lord James Melrose John M. Whitelock Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? Molecules heparan sulfate heparin low molecular weight heparin glycosaminoglycans proteoglycans |
| author_facet |
Brooke L. Farrugia Megan S. Lord James Melrose John M. Whitelock |
| author_sort |
Brooke L. Farrugia |
| title |
Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? |
| title_short |
Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? |
| title_full |
Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? |
| title_fullStr |
Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Can We Produce Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Biomimetics Using “Mother-Nature” as the Gold Standard? |
| title_sort |
can we produce heparin/heparan sulfate biomimetics using “mother-nature” as the gold standard? |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Molecules |
| issn |
1420-3049 |
| publishDate |
2015-03-01 |
| description |
Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are heterogeneous in nature, not only due to differing disaccharide combinations, but also their sulfate modifications. HS is well known for its interactions with various growth factors and cytokines; and heparin for its clinical use as an anticoagulant. Due to their potential use in tissue regeneration; and the recent adverse events due to contamination of heparin; there is an increased surge to produce these GAGs on a commercial scale. The production of HS from natural sources is limited so strategies are being explored to be biomimetically produced via chemical; chemoenzymatic synthesis methods and through the recombinant expression of proteoglycans. This review details the most recent advances in the field of HS/heparin synthesis for the production of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and as a tool further our understanding of the interactions that occur between GAGs and growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue development and repair. |
| topic |
heparan sulfate heparin low molecular weight heparin glycosaminoglycans proteoglycans |
| url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/3/4254 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT brookelfarrugia canweproduceheparinheparansulfatebiomimeticsusingmothernatureasthegoldstandard AT meganslord canweproduceheparinheparansulfatebiomimeticsusingmothernatureasthegoldstandard AT jamesmelrose canweproduceheparinheparansulfatebiomimeticsusingmothernatureasthegoldstandard AT johnmwhitelock canweproduceheparinheparansulfatebiomimeticsusingmothernatureasthegoldstandard |
| _version_ |
1725730495711412224 |