Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification
Bone metabolism is a homeostatic process, imbalance in which leads to the onset of diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. Although several drugs are currently available to treat such conditions, they are associated with severe side effects and do not enhance bone formation. Thus, identifying...
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doaj-bdf96bf609cd4429845fd4a1ffd033422020-11-25T00:12:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-06-012013311910.3390/ijms20133119ijms20133119Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce OssificationZuha Imtiyaz0Yi-Fang Wang1Yi-Tzu Lin2Hui-Kang Liu3Mei-Hsien Lee4Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanClinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanClinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanClinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanBone metabolism is a homeostatic process, imbalance in which leads to the onset of diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. Although several drugs are currently available to treat such conditions, they are associated with severe side effects and do not enhance bone formation. Thus, identifying alternative treatment strategies that focus on enhancing bone formation is essential. Herein, we explored the osteogenic potential of <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai using human osteoblast (HOb) cells. The plant extract was subjected to various chromatographic techniques to obtain six compounds, including one new compound: 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-arabinofuranoside (<b>1</b>). Compounds 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-arabinofuranoside (<b>1</b>), gentisic acid 5-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-(6′-<i>O</i>-galloyl) glucopyranoside (<b>2</b>), strictinin (<b>3</b>), and (-)-epicatechin-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-allopyranoside (<b>6</b>) displayed no significant cytotoxicity toward HOb cells, and thus their effects on various osteogenic markers were analyzed. Results showed that <b>1</b>−<b>3</b> and <b>6</b> significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 120.0, 121.3, 116.4, and 125.1%, respectively. Furthermore, <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>6</b> also markedly enhanced the mineralization process with respective values of up to 136.4, 118.9, and 134.6%. In addition, the new compound, <b>1</b>, significantly increased expression levels of estrogen receptor-α (133.4%) and osteogenesis-related genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (Col-1), and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) by at least 1.5-fold. Our results demonstrated that compounds isolated from <i>T. formosana</i> possess robust osteogenic potential, with the new compound, <b>1,</b> also exhibiting the potential to enhance the bone formation process. We suggest that <i>T. formosana</i> and its isolated active compounds deserve further evaluation for development as anti-osteoporotic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/13/3119bone formation<i>Turpinia formosana</i>3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-arabinofuranosidemineralizationalkaline phosphataseestrogen receptorsosteoporosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zuha Imtiyaz Yi-Fang Wang Yi-Tzu Lin Hui-Kang Liu Mei-Hsien Lee |
spellingShingle |
Zuha Imtiyaz Yi-Fang Wang Yi-Tzu Lin Hui-Kang Liu Mei-Hsien Lee Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification International Journal of Molecular Sciences bone formation <i>Turpinia formosana</i> 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-arabinofuranoside mineralization alkaline phosphatase estrogen receptors osteoporosis |
author_facet |
Zuha Imtiyaz Yi-Fang Wang Yi-Tzu Lin Hui-Kang Liu Mei-Hsien Lee |
author_sort |
Zuha Imtiyaz |
title |
Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification |
title_short |
Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification |
title_full |
Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification |
title_fullStr |
Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Isolated Compounds from <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai<italic/> Induce Ossification |
title_sort |
isolated compounds from <i>turpinia formosana</i> nakai<italic/> induce ossification |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Bone metabolism is a homeostatic process, imbalance in which leads to the onset of diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. Although several drugs are currently available to treat such conditions, they are associated with severe side effects and do not enhance bone formation. Thus, identifying alternative treatment strategies that focus on enhancing bone formation is essential. Herein, we explored the osteogenic potential of <i>Turpinia formosana</i> Nakai using human osteoblast (HOb) cells. The plant extract was subjected to various chromatographic techniques to obtain six compounds, including one new compound: 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-arabinofuranoside (<b>1</b>). Compounds 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-arabinofuranoside (<b>1</b>), gentisic acid 5-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-(6′-<i>O</i>-galloyl) glucopyranoside (<b>2</b>), strictinin (<b>3</b>), and (-)-epicatechin-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-allopyranoside (<b>6</b>) displayed no significant cytotoxicity toward HOb cells, and thus their effects on various osteogenic markers were analyzed. Results showed that <b>1</b>−<b>3</b> and <b>6</b> significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 120.0, 121.3, 116.4, and 125.1%, respectively. Furthermore, <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>6</b> also markedly enhanced the mineralization process with respective values of up to 136.4, 118.9, and 134.6%. In addition, the new compound, <b>1</b>, significantly increased expression levels of estrogen receptor-α (133.4%) and osteogenesis-related genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (Col-1), and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) by at least 1.5-fold. Our results demonstrated that compounds isolated from <i>T. formosana</i> possess robust osteogenic potential, with the new compound, <b>1,</b> also exhibiting the potential to enhance the bone formation process. We suggest that <i>T. formosana</i> and its isolated active compounds deserve further evaluation for development as anti-osteoporotic agents. |
topic |
bone formation <i>Turpinia formosana</i> 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid-4-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-arabinofuranoside mineralization alkaline phosphatase estrogen receptors osteoporosis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/13/3119 |
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