Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. Sixteen histological tumor subtypes exist and the most common are papillary, chromophobe and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing 85% of all RCC. Althou...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.657187/full |
id |
doaj-be0eec9e1ca64ea59c35a6196ec554a4 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Veronika Weyerer Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Christine Stöhr Markus Eckstein Sven Wach Helge Taubert Lisa Brandl Carol I. Geppert Bernd Wullich Holger Cynis Matthias W. Beckmann Barbara Seliger Arndt Hartmann Reiner Strick Reiner Strick |
spellingShingle |
Veronika Weyerer Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Christine Stöhr Markus Eckstein Sven Wach Helge Taubert Lisa Brandl Carol I. Geppert Bernd Wullich Holger Cynis Matthias W. Beckmann Barbara Seliger Arndt Hartmann Reiner Strick Reiner Strick Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma Frontiers in Oncology endogenous retrovirus ERV-K renal cell carcinoma tumor antigen patient prognosis p53 |
author_facet |
Veronika Weyerer Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Pamela L. Strissel Christine Stöhr Markus Eckstein Sven Wach Helge Taubert Lisa Brandl Carol I. Geppert Bernd Wullich Holger Cynis Matthias W. Beckmann Barbara Seliger Arndt Hartmann Reiner Strick Reiner Strick |
author_sort |
Veronika Weyerer |
title |
Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
title_short |
Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
title_full |
Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
title_fullStr |
Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed |
Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
title_sort |
endogenous retroviral–k envelope is a novel tumor antigen and prognostic indicator of renal cell carcinoma |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Oncology |
issn |
2234-943X |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. Sixteen histological tumor subtypes exist and the most common are papillary, chromophobe and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing 85% of all RCC. Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. ERV-K env is overexpressed and implicated as a therapeutic target for breast cancer, however studies in RCC are limited. In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. TMA results showed the highest amount of ERV-K env protein expression and the strongest significant membrane expression in ccRCC versus other RCC subtypes. High ERV-K env total protein expression of all tumor subtypes significantly correlated with low tumor grading and a longer disease specific survival using multivariable analyses. Cell proliferation and invasion were assayed using the kidney cell lines HEK293 with wild-type p53 and a ccRCC cell line MZ1257RC mutated for p53. Transfecting these cell lines with a codon optimized ERV-K113 env overexpressing CMV vector was performed with or without 5’-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza) treatment to sustain promoter de-methylation. MZ1257RC showed induction of ERV-K113 expression and significantly increased both proliferation and invasion in the presence or absence of Aza. HEK293 cells demonstrated a restriction of ERV-K113 env expression and invasion with no changes in proliferation in the absence of Aza. However, in the presence of Aza despite increased ERV-K113 env expression, an inhibition of HEK293 proliferation and a further restriction of invasion was found. This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. In addition, ERV-K env significantly regulates proliferation and invasion depending on p53 status and Aza treatment. |
topic |
endogenous retrovirus ERV-K renal cell carcinoma tumor antigen patient prognosis p53 |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.657187/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT veronikaweyerer endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT pamelalstrissel endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT pamelalstrissel endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT pamelalstrissel endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT christinestohr endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT markuseckstein endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT svenwach endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT helgetaubert endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT lisabrandl endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT caroligeppert endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT berndwullich endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT holgercynis endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT matthiaswbeckmann endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT barbaraseliger endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT arndthartmann endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT reinerstrick endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma AT reinerstrick endogenousretroviralkenvelopeisanoveltumorantigenandprognosticindicatorofrenalcellcarcinoma |
_version_ |
1721514928460791808 |
spelling |
doaj-be0eec9e1ca64ea59c35a6196ec554a42021-04-22T07:01:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-04-011110.3389/fonc.2021.657187657187Endogenous Retroviral–K Envelope Is a Novel Tumor Antigen and Prognostic Indicator of Renal Cell CarcinomaVeronika Weyerer0Pamela L. Strissel1Pamela L. Strissel2Pamela L. Strissel3Christine Stöhr4Markus Eckstein5Sven Wach6Helge Taubert7Lisa Brandl8Carol I. Geppert9Bernd Wullich10Holger Cynis11Matthias W. Beckmann12Barbara Seliger13Arndt Hartmann14Reiner Strick15Reiner Strick16Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center, European Metropolitan Area Erlangen-Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyAdjunct Affiliation With Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, GermanyDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center, European Metropolitan Area Erlangen-Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center, European Metropolitan Area Erlangen-Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, GermanyTranslational Research Centre (TRC), Erlangen, GermanyRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. Sixteen histological tumor subtypes exist and the most common are papillary, chromophobe and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing 85% of all RCC. Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. ERV-K env is overexpressed and implicated as a therapeutic target for breast cancer, however studies in RCC are limited. In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. TMA results showed the highest amount of ERV-K env protein expression and the strongest significant membrane expression in ccRCC versus other RCC subtypes. High ERV-K env total protein expression of all tumor subtypes significantly correlated with low tumor grading and a longer disease specific survival using multivariable analyses. Cell proliferation and invasion were assayed using the kidney cell lines HEK293 with wild-type p53 and a ccRCC cell line MZ1257RC mutated for p53. Transfecting these cell lines with a codon optimized ERV-K113 env overexpressing CMV vector was performed with or without 5’-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza) treatment to sustain promoter de-methylation. MZ1257RC showed induction of ERV-K113 expression and significantly increased both proliferation and invasion in the presence or absence of Aza. HEK293 cells demonstrated a restriction of ERV-K113 env expression and invasion with no changes in proliferation in the absence of Aza. However, in the presence of Aza despite increased ERV-K113 env expression, an inhibition of HEK293 proliferation and a further restriction of invasion was found. This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. In addition, ERV-K env significantly regulates proliferation and invasion depending on p53 status and Aza treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.657187/fullendogenous retrovirusERV-Krenal cell carcinomatumor antigenpatient prognosisp53 |