A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe
Background: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet kee...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2016-11-01
|
Series: | European Clinical Respiratory Journal |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ecrj.net/index.php/ecrj/article/view/33463/50055 |
id |
doaj-be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a182020-11-24T22:23:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEuropean Clinical Respiratory Journal2001-85252016-11-01301810.3402/ecrj.v3.3346333463A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern EuropeStine Holmegaard Christensen0Signe Timm1Christer Janson2Bryndis Benediktsdóttir3Bertil Forsberg4Mathias Holm5Rain Jogi6Ane Johannessen7Ernst Omenaas8Torben Sigsgaard9Cecilie Svanes10Vivi Schlünssen11 Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkBackground: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945–1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54–0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68–0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban–rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88–0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68–0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74–0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. Conclusion: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban–rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings.http://www.ecrj.net/index.php/ecrj/article/view/33463/50055allergic rhinitismicrobial diversitymicrobial exposurenasal symptomspetsplace of upbringing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen |
spellingShingle |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe European Clinical Respiratory Journal allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing |
author_facet |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen |
author_sort |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen |
title |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_short |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_fullStr |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_sort |
clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in northern europe |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
series |
European Clinical Respiratory Journal |
issn |
2001-8525 |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
Background: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945–1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54–0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68–0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban–rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88–0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68–0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74–0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. Conclusion: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban–rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings. |
topic |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing |
url |
http://www.ecrj.net/index.php/ecrj/article/view/33463/50055 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT stineholmegaardchristensen aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT signetimm aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT christerjanson aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT bryndisbenediktsdottir aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT bertilforsberg aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT mathiasholm aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT rainjogi aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT anejohannessen aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT ernstomenaas aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT torbensigsgaard aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT ceciliesvanes aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT vivischlunssen aclearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT stineholmegaardchristensen clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT signetimm clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT christerjanson clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT bryndisbenediktsdottir clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT bertilforsberg clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT mathiasholm clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT rainjogi clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT anejohannessen clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT ernstomenaas clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT torbensigsgaard clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT ceciliesvanes clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT vivischlunssen clearurbanruralgradientofallergicrhinitisinapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope |
_version_ |
1725765375632605184 |