The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system
Phenoloxidases/tyrosinases initiate melanin synthesis in almost all organisms, and are involved in different biological activities such as the colour change of human hair and the browning or blackening of fruit skin etc. In many invertebrates, defence reactions are linked to phenoloxidase activity...
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University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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doaj-be339371476241c4ad7e43df3e40fdc22020-12-02T18:38:46ZengUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaInvertebrate Survival Journal1824-307X2009-03-0161 (Suppl)The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating systemM Cammarata0N Parrinello1Marine immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyMarine immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Phenoloxidases/tyrosinases initiate melanin synthesis in almost all organisms, and are involved in different biological activities such as the colour change of human hair and the browning or blackening of fruit skin etc. In many invertebrates, defence reactions are linked to phenoloxidase activity and/or melanization. Contacts with foreign molecules are able to trigger the prophenoloxidase (proPO) system that requires serine protease cleavage for activating the zymogen to phenoloxidase (PO). It is generally accepted that the proPO system is fully expressed in arthropods, and, recently, progress in the regulation of crustacean and insect proPO activation steps have been achieved. After cells were stimulated by components of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), proPO activation takes place via zimogenic serine proteinase in turn activated by PAMPs followed by cascade, spatial and temporal control. The proPO activating system plays a defensive role in arthropods, molluscs, annelids, ascidians and the cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri. In the present paper, we report on ascidian proPO system and related molecules, with particular focus on the biochemical, cellular and molecular aspects of the Ciona intestinalis, proPO system of circulating hemocytes from naïve ascidians as well as of body wall following LPS inflammatory challenge. https://isj02.unimore.it/index.php/ISJ/article/view/191Ciona intestinalisascidiansproPOphenoloxidaseimmune responsehemocytes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
M Cammarata N Parrinello |
spellingShingle |
M Cammarata N Parrinello The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system Invertebrate Survival Journal Ciona intestinalis ascidians proPO phenoloxidase immune response hemocytes |
author_facet |
M Cammarata N Parrinello |
author_sort |
M Cammarata |
title |
The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
title_short |
The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
title_full |
The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
title_fullStr |
The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
title_full_unstemmed |
The ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
title_sort |
ascidian prophenoloxidase activating system |
publisher |
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia |
series |
Invertebrate Survival Journal |
issn |
1824-307X |
publishDate |
2009-03-01 |
description |
Phenoloxidases/tyrosinases initiate melanin synthesis in almost all organisms, and are involved in
different biological activities such as the colour change of human hair and the browning or blackening
of fruit skin etc. In many invertebrates, defence reactions are linked to phenoloxidase activity and/or
melanization. Contacts with foreign molecules are able to trigger the prophenoloxidase (proPO)
system that requires serine protease cleavage for activating the zymogen to phenoloxidase (PO). It is
generally accepted that the proPO system is fully expressed in arthropods, and, recently, progress in
the regulation of crustacean and insect proPO activation steps have been achieved. After cells were
stimulated by components of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), proPO activation takes
place via zimogenic serine proteinase in turn activated by PAMPs followed by cascade, spatial and
temporal control. The proPO activating system plays a defensive role in arthropods, molluscs, annelids, ascidians and the cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri. In the present paper, we report on ascidian proPO system and related molecules, with particular focus on the biochemical, cellular and molecular aspects of the Ciona intestinalis, proPO system of circulating hemocytes from naïve ascidians as well as of body wall following LPS inflammatory challenge.
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topic |
Ciona intestinalis ascidians proPO phenoloxidase immune response hemocytes |
url |
https://isj02.unimore.it/index.php/ISJ/article/view/191 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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