Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach
Background: The efficacy of sunscreen is evaluated by SPF values, which are quantitatively determined in laboratories on the backs of human subjects according to a standardized procedure. However, SPF cannot be directly translated to sunburn protection under real-life situations because actual effic...
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MDPI AG
2017-03-01
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Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/1/10 |
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doaj-be365f0b9dc945b393dc3f5c227eb4a32020-11-24T23:52:06ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842017-03-01411010.3390/cosmetics4010010cosmetics4010010Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at BeachHao Ou-Yang0Richard Bradley Rzendzian1Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Skillman, NJ 08558, USAJohnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Skillman, NJ 08558, USABackground: The efficacy of sunscreen is evaluated by SPF values, which are quantitatively determined in laboratories on the backs of human subjects according to a standardized procedure. However, SPF cannot be directly translated to sunburn protection under real-life situations because actual efficacy depends on various factors related to human behaviors and environmental conditions. This study clinically evaluated the efficacy of two sunscreen sprays (SPF 30 and SPF 70) under natural sunlight exposure on healthy subjects at the beach. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into two cells for the two sunscreen sprays (SPF 70 and SPF 30) in a single-center, actual usage test. The primary endpoint of the study was sunburn protection on the dorsal arms and the secondary endpoint was protection on the face and neck. Subjects stayed at the beach for 4 h after application of the sunscreens with normal beach activities. Subjects’ behavior at the beach, the amounts of sunscreen applied and reapplied, and environmental conditions were all recorded. Results: There was no significant sunburn for a majority of the subjects in either cell. However, neither sunscreen completely blocked the sunburn, especially the face/neck area. We found that the SPF 70 sunscreen was more effective than the SPF 30 sunscreen. Conclusion: Modern sunscreen sprays, applied liberally, are effective in providing sunburn protection for the body in a beach setting.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/1/10erythemaswimmingre-applicationexposed skin surfacenatural sunlight |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hao Ou-Yang Richard Bradley Rzendzian |
spellingShingle |
Hao Ou-Yang Richard Bradley Rzendzian Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach Cosmetics erythema swimming re-application exposed skin surface natural sunlight |
author_facet |
Hao Ou-Yang Richard Bradley Rzendzian |
author_sort |
Hao Ou-Yang |
title |
Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach |
title_short |
Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach |
title_full |
Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach |
title_fullStr |
Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sunburn Protection by Sunscreen Sprays at Beach |
title_sort |
sunburn protection by sunscreen sprays at beach |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cosmetics |
issn |
2079-9284 |
publishDate |
2017-03-01 |
description |
Background: The efficacy of sunscreen is evaluated by SPF values, which are quantitatively determined in laboratories on the backs of human subjects according to a standardized procedure. However, SPF cannot be directly translated to sunburn protection under real-life situations because actual efficacy depends on various factors related to human behaviors and environmental conditions. This study clinically evaluated the efficacy of two sunscreen sprays (SPF 30 and SPF 70) under natural sunlight exposure on healthy subjects at the beach. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into two cells for the two sunscreen sprays (SPF 70 and SPF 30) in a single-center, actual usage test. The primary endpoint of the study was sunburn protection on the dorsal arms and the secondary endpoint was protection on the face and neck. Subjects stayed at the beach for 4 h after application of the sunscreens with normal beach activities. Subjects’ behavior at the beach, the amounts of sunscreen applied and reapplied, and environmental conditions were all recorded. Results: There was no significant sunburn for a majority of the subjects in either cell. However, neither sunscreen completely blocked the sunburn, especially the face/neck area. We found that the SPF 70 sunscreen was more effective than the SPF 30 sunscreen. Conclusion: Modern sunscreen sprays, applied liberally, are effective in providing sunburn protection for the body in a beach setting. |
topic |
erythema swimming re-application exposed skin surface natural sunlight |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/1/10 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT haoouyang sunburnprotectionbysunscreenspraysatbeach AT richardbradleyrzendzian sunburnprotectionbysunscreenspraysatbeach |
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