The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a gene...
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doaj-be3f4e01a1f041a19678a555afd4e50c2021-07-15T15:37:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-01227020702010.3390/ijms22137020The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. ReviewDesirè Pantalone0Carlo Bergamini1Jacopo Martellucci2Giovanni Alemanno3Alessandro Bruscino4Gherardo Maltinti5Maximilian Sheiterle6Riccardo Viligiardi7Roberto Panconesi8Tommaso Guagni9Paolo Prosperi10Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyTrauma Team, Acute Care Surgery, Trauma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalySevere or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7020burnsDAMPsalarmintraumacytokine productionshock |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Desirè Pantalone Carlo Bergamini Jacopo Martellucci Giovanni Alemanno Alessandro Bruscino Gherardo Maltinti Maximilian Sheiterle Riccardo Viligiardi Roberto Panconesi Tommaso Guagni Paolo Prosperi |
spellingShingle |
Desirè Pantalone Carlo Bergamini Jacopo Martellucci Giovanni Alemanno Alessandro Bruscino Gherardo Maltinti Maximilian Sheiterle Riccardo Viligiardi Roberto Panconesi Tommaso Guagni Paolo Prosperi The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences burns DAMPs alarmin trauma cytokine production shock |
author_facet |
Desirè Pantalone Carlo Bergamini Jacopo Martellucci Giovanni Alemanno Alessandro Bruscino Gherardo Maltinti Maximilian Sheiterle Riccardo Viligiardi Roberto Panconesi Tommaso Guagni Paolo Prosperi |
author_sort |
Desirè Pantalone |
title |
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_short |
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_full |
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_fullStr |
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_sort |
role of damps in burns and hemorrhagic shock immune response: pathophysiology and clinical issues. review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns. |
topic |
burns DAMPs alarmin trauma cytokine production shock |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7020 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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