The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors
The frame rate of the digital high-speed video camera was 2000 frames per second (fps) in 1989, and has been exponentially increasing. A simulation study showed that a silicon image sensor made with a 130 nm process technology can achieve about 1010 fps. The frame rate seems to approach the upper bo...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-02-01
|
Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/483 |
id |
doaj-be984d34ecff46e68d95f9ae746f795a |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-be984d34ecff46e68d95f9ae746f795a2020-11-24T21:11:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-02-0117348310.3390/s17030483s17030483The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image SensorsTakeharu Goji Etoh0Anh Quang Nguyen1Yoshinari Kamakura2Kazuhiro Shimonomura3Thi Yen Le4Nobuya Mori5Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanThe frame rate of the digital high-speed video camera was 2000 frames per second (fps) in 1989, and has been exponentially increasing. A simulation study showed that a silicon image sensor made with a 130 nm process technology can achieve about 1010 fps. The frame rate seems to approach the upper bound. Rayleigh proposed an expression on the theoretical spatial resolution limit when the resolution of lenses approached the limit. In this paper, the temporal resolution limit of silicon image sensors was theoretically analyzed. It is revealed that the limit is mainly governed by mixing of charges with different travel times caused by the distribution of penetration depth of light. The derived expression of the limit is extremely simple, yet accurate. For example, the limit for green light of 550 nm incident to silicon image sensors at 300 K is 11.1 picoseconds. Therefore, the theoretical highest frame rate is 90.1 Gfps (about 1011 fps)http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/483high speedimage sensorframe ratetemporal resolution limitBSI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Takeharu Goji Etoh Anh Quang Nguyen Yoshinari Kamakura Kazuhiro Shimonomura Thi Yen Le Nobuya Mori |
spellingShingle |
Takeharu Goji Etoh Anh Quang Nguyen Yoshinari Kamakura Kazuhiro Shimonomura Thi Yen Le Nobuya Mori The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors Sensors high speed image sensor frame rate temporal resolution limit BSI |
author_facet |
Takeharu Goji Etoh Anh Quang Nguyen Yoshinari Kamakura Kazuhiro Shimonomura Thi Yen Le Nobuya Mori |
author_sort |
Takeharu Goji Etoh |
title |
The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors |
title_short |
The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors |
title_full |
The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors |
title_fullStr |
The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Theoretical Highest Frame Rate of Silicon Image Sensors |
title_sort |
theoretical highest frame rate of silicon image sensors |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
description |
The frame rate of the digital high-speed video camera was 2000 frames per second (fps) in 1989, and has been exponentially increasing. A simulation study showed that a silicon image sensor made with a 130 nm process technology can achieve about 1010 fps. The frame rate seems to approach the upper bound. Rayleigh proposed an expression on the theoretical spatial resolution limit when the resolution of lenses approached the limit. In this paper, the temporal resolution limit of silicon image sensors was theoretically analyzed. It is revealed that the limit is mainly governed by mixing of charges with different travel times caused by the distribution of penetration depth of light. The derived expression of the limit is extremely simple, yet accurate. For example, the limit for green light of 550 nm incident to silicon image sensors at 300 K is 11.1 picoseconds. Therefore, the theoretical highest frame rate is 90.1 Gfps (about 1011 fps) |
topic |
high speed image sensor frame rate temporal resolution limit BSI |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/483 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT takeharugojietoh thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT anhquangnguyen thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT yoshinarikamakura thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT kazuhiroshimonomura thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT thiyenle thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT nobuyamori thetheoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT takeharugojietoh theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT anhquangnguyen theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT yoshinarikamakura theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT kazuhiroshimonomura theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT thiyenle theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors AT nobuyamori theoreticalhighestframerateofsiliconimagesensors |
_version_ |
1716753056449691648 |