Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay
Abstract Mangrove ecosystems along the East African coast are often characterized by a disjunct zonation pattern of seaward and landward Avicennia marina trees. This disjunct zonation may be maintained through different positions in the tidal frame, yielding different dispersal settings. The spatial...
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doaj-beb0d346efe046a7b0edaabf7e9041b92021-04-02T16:55:32ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582020-11-011021120591207510.1002/ece3.6829Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bayLudwig Triest0Tom Van der Stocken1Abbie Allela Akinyi2Tim Sierens3James Kairo4Nico Koedam5Research Group Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumResearch Group Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumResearch Group Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumResearch Group Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumDepartment of Oceanography and Hydrography Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute Mombasa KenyaResearch Group Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumAbstract Mangrove ecosystems along the East African coast are often characterized by a disjunct zonation pattern of seaward and landward Avicennia marina trees. This disjunct zonation may be maintained through different positions in the tidal frame, yielding different dispersal settings. The spatial configuration of the landscape and coastal processes such as tides and waves is expected to largely influence the extent of propagule transport and subsequent regeneration. We hypothesized that landward sites would keep a stronger genetic structure over short distances in comparison with enhanced gene flow among regularly flooded seaward fringes. We tested this hypothesis from densely vegetated A. marina transects of a well‐documented mangrove system (Gazi Bay, Kenya) and estimated local gene flow and kinship‐based fine‐scale genetic structure. Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers in 457 A. marina trees revealed no overall significant difference in levels of allele or gene diversities between sites that differ in hydrological proximity. Genetic structure and connectivity of A. marina populations however indicated an overall effect of geographic distance and revealed a pronounced distinction between channels and topographic setting. Migration models allowed to infer gene flow directionality among channels, and indicated a bidirectional steppingstone between seaward and nearest located landward stands. Admixed gene pools without any fine‐scale structure were found within the wider and more exposed Kidogoweni channel, suggesting open systems. Elevated kinship values and structure over 5 to 20 m distance were only detected in two distant landward and seaward transects near the mouth of the Mkurumuji River, indicating local retention and establishment. Overall, our findings show that patterns of A. marina connectivity are explained by hydrological proximity, channel network structure, and hydrokinetic energy, rather than just their positioning as disjunct landward or seaward zones.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6829Avicenniagene flow modelsgenetic structuremangrovemicrosatellites |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ludwig Triest Tom Van der Stocken Abbie Allela Akinyi Tim Sierens James Kairo Nico Koedam |
spellingShingle |
Ludwig Triest Tom Van der Stocken Abbie Allela Akinyi Tim Sierens James Kairo Nico Koedam Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay Ecology and Evolution Avicennia gene flow models genetic structure mangrove microsatellites |
author_facet |
Ludwig Triest Tom Van der Stocken Abbie Allela Akinyi Tim Sierens James Kairo Nico Koedam |
author_sort |
Ludwig Triest |
title |
Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
title_short |
Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
title_full |
Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
title_fullStr |
Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
title_full_unstemmed |
Channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward Avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
title_sort |
channel network structure determines genetic connectivity of landward–seaward avicennia marina populations in a tropical bay |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2045-7758 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Mangrove ecosystems along the East African coast are often characterized by a disjunct zonation pattern of seaward and landward Avicennia marina trees. This disjunct zonation may be maintained through different positions in the tidal frame, yielding different dispersal settings. The spatial configuration of the landscape and coastal processes such as tides and waves is expected to largely influence the extent of propagule transport and subsequent regeneration. We hypothesized that landward sites would keep a stronger genetic structure over short distances in comparison with enhanced gene flow among regularly flooded seaward fringes. We tested this hypothesis from densely vegetated A. marina transects of a well‐documented mangrove system (Gazi Bay, Kenya) and estimated local gene flow and kinship‐based fine‐scale genetic structure. Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers in 457 A. marina trees revealed no overall significant difference in levels of allele or gene diversities between sites that differ in hydrological proximity. Genetic structure and connectivity of A. marina populations however indicated an overall effect of geographic distance and revealed a pronounced distinction between channels and topographic setting. Migration models allowed to infer gene flow directionality among channels, and indicated a bidirectional steppingstone between seaward and nearest located landward stands. Admixed gene pools without any fine‐scale structure were found within the wider and more exposed Kidogoweni channel, suggesting open systems. Elevated kinship values and structure over 5 to 20 m distance were only detected in two distant landward and seaward transects near the mouth of the Mkurumuji River, indicating local retention and establishment. Overall, our findings show that patterns of A. marina connectivity are explained by hydrological proximity, channel network structure, and hydrokinetic energy, rather than just their positioning as disjunct landward or seaward zones. |
topic |
Avicennia gene flow models genetic structure mangrove microsatellites |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6829 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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