Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality
Waterborne pathogens are heterogeneously distributed across various spatiotemporal scales in water resources, and representative sampling is therefore crucial for accurate risk assessment. Since regulatory monitoring of microbiological water quality is usually conducted at fixed time intervals, it c...
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doaj-bf45e616467e4873b81982455564f06b2021-08-06T15:33:58ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-07-01132069206910.3390/w13152069Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water QualityJean-Baptiste Burnet0Marc Habash1Mounia Hachad2Zeinab Khanafer3Michèle Prévost4Pierre Servais5Emile Sylvestre6Sarah Dorner7Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaCanada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaCanada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaNSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaÉcologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Campus de la Plaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, BelgiumCanada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaCanada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaWaterborne pathogens are heterogeneously distributed across various spatiotemporal scales in water resources, and representative sampling is therefore crucial for accurate risk assessment. Since regulatory monitoring of microbiological water quality is usually conducted at fixed time intervals, it can miss short-term fecal contamination episodes and underestimate underlying microbial risks. In the present paper, we developed a new automated sampling methodology based on near real-time measurement of a biochemical indicator of fecal pollution. Online monitoring of β-D-glucuronidase (GLUC) activity was used to trigger an automated sampler during fecal contamination events in a drinking water supply and at an urban beach. Significant increases in protozoan parasites, microbial source tracking markers and <i>E. coli</i> were measured during short-term (<24 h) fecal pollution episodes, emphasizing the intermittent nature of their occurrence in water. Synchronous triggering of the automated sampler with online GLUC activity measurements further revealed a tight association between the biochemical indicator and culturable <i>E. coli</i>. The proposed event sampling methodology is versatile and in addition to the two triggering modes validated here, others can be designed based on specific needs and local settings. In support to regulatory monitoring schemes, it should ultimately help gathering crucial data on waterborne pathogens more efficiently during episodic fecal pollution events.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/15/2069<i>Escherichia coli</i>event samplingreal-time monitoring<i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i>microbial risk |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jean-Baptiste Burnet Marc Habash Mounia Hachad Zeinab Khanafer Michèle Prévost Pierre Servais Emile Sylvestre Sarah Dorner |
spellingShingle |
Jean-Baptiste Burnet Marc Habash Mounia Hachad Zeinab Khanafer Michèle Prévost Pierre Servais Emile Sylvestre Sarah Dorner Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality Water <i>Escherichia coli</i> event sampling real-time monitoring <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i> microbial risk |
author_facet |
Jean-Baptiste Burnet Marc Habash Mounia Hachad Zeinab Khanafer Michèle Prévost Pierre Servais Emile Sylvestre Sarah Dorner |
author_sort |
Jean-Baptiste Burnet |
title |
Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality |
title_short |
Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality |
title_full |
Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality |
title_fullStr |
Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Automated Targeted Sampling of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers Using Near-Real Time Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality |
title_sort |
automated targeted sampling of waterborne pathogens and microbial source tracking markers using near-real time monitoring of microbiological water quality |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Waterborne pathogens are heterogeneously distributed across various spatiotemporal scales in water resources, and representative sampling is therefore crucial for accurate risk assessment. Since regulatory monitoring of microbiological water quality is usually conducted at fixed time intervals, it can miss short-term fecal contamination episodes and underestimate underlying microbial risks. In the present paper, we developed a new automated sampling methodology based on near real-time measurement of a biochemical indicator of fecal pollution. Online monitoring of β-D-glucuronidase (GLUC) activity was used to trigger an automated sampler during fecal contamination events in a drinking water supply and at an urban beach. Significant increases in protozoan parasites, microbial source tracking markers and <i>E. coli</i> were measured during short-term (<24 h) fecal pollution episodes, emphasizing the intermittent nature of their occurrence in water. Synchronous triggering of the automated sampler with online GLUC activity measurements further revealed a tight association between the biochemical indicator and culturable <i>E. coli</i>. The proposed event sampling methodology is versatile and in addition to the two triggering modes validated here, others can be designed based on specific needs and local settings. In support to regulatory monitoring schemes, it should ultimately help gathering crucial data on waterborne pathogens more efficiently during episodic fecal pollution events. |
topic |
<i>Escherichia coli</i> event sampling real-time monitoring <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i> microbial risk |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/15/2069 |
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