Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland
Abstract The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill final discharge, which is the treated effluent, will usuall...
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doaj-bf60071d47f74d6696ef87488b88640e2021-09-19T11:28:59ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-09-0111111210.1038/s41598-021-97789-0Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetlandFarhana Aziz Ujang0Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan1Nurul Atiqah Osman2Ashreen Norman3Juferi Idris4Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid5Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi6Misri Gozan7Mohd Ali Hassan8Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Faculty of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sarawak Branch, Samarahan CampusDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Department of Soil Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas IndonesiaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Abstract The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill final discharge, which is the treated effluent, will usually be discharged to nearby land or river since it has been the least costly way to dispose of. Irrefutably, the quality level of the treated effluent does not always satisfy the surface water quality in conformity to physicochemical characteristics. To work on improving the treated effluent quality, a vertical surface-flow constructed wetland system was designed with Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) planted on the wetland floor. The system effectively reduced the level of chemical oxygen demand by 62.2 ± 14.3%, total suspended solid by 88.1 ± 13.3%, ammonia by 62.3 ± 24.8%, colour by 66.6 ± 13.19%, and tannin and lignin by 57.5 ± 22.3%. Heat map depicted bacterial diversity and relative abundance in life stages from the wetland soil, whereby bacterial community associated with the pollutant removal was found to be from the families Anaerolineaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae, and phyla Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97789-0 |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Farhana Aziz Ujang Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan Nurul Atiqah Osman Ashreen Norman Juferi Idris Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi Misri Gozan Mohd Ali Hassan |
spellingShingle |
Farhana Aziz Ujang Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan Nurul Atiqah Osman Ashreen Norman Juferi Idris Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi Misri Gozan Mohd Ali Hassan Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Farhana Aziz Ujang Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan Nurul Atiqah Osman Ashreen Norman Juferi Idris Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi Misri Gozan Mohd Ali Hassan |
author_sort |
Farhana Aziz Ujang |
title |
Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
title_short |
Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
title_full |
Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
title_fullStr |
Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
title_sort |
removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Abstract The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill final discharge, which is the treated effluent, will usually be discharged to nearby land or river since it has been the least costly way to dispose of. Irrefutably, the quality level of the treated effluent does not always satisfy the surface water quality in conformity to physicochemical characteristics. To work on improving the treated effluent quality, a vertical surface-flow constructed wetland system was designed with Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) planted on the wetland floor. The system effectively reduced the level of chemical oxygen demand by 62.2 ± 14.3%, total suspended solid by 88.1 ± 13.3%, ammonia by 62.3 ± 24.8%, colour by 66.6 ± 13.19%, and tannin and lignin by 57.5 ± 22.3%. Heat map depicted bacterial diversity and relative abundance in life stages from the wetland soil, whereby bacterial community associated with the pollutant removal was found to be from the families Anaerolineaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae, and phyla Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97789-0 |
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