Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity
This work discusses sensing properties of a long-period grating (LPG) and microcavity in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) when both are induced in the same single-mode optical fiber. LPGs were either etched or nanocoated with aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2431 |
id |
doaj-bf7791090d7d4bac93ae0428bf9dc153 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-bf7791090d7d4bac93ae0428bf9dc1532020-11-25T02:04:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-04-01202431243110.3390/s20082431Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-SensitivityMonika Janik0Marcin Koba1Krystian Król2Predrag Mikulic3Wojtek J. Bock4Mateusz Śmietana5Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, PolandWarsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, PolandWarsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, PolandCentre de Recherche en Photonique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 101 Rue St Jean Bosco Gatineau, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, CanadaCentre de Recherche en Photonique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 101 Rue St Jean Bosco Gatineau, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, CanadaWarsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, PolandThis work discusses sensing properties of a long-period grating (LPG) and microcavity in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) when both are induced in the same single-mode optical fiber. LPGs were either etched or nanocoated with aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to increase its refractive index (RI) sensitivity up to ≈2000 and 9000 nm/RIU, respectively. The µIMZI was machined using a femtosecond laser as a cylindrical cavity (d = 60 μm) in the center of the LPG. In transmission measurements for various RI in the cavity and around the LPG we observed two effects coming from the two independently working sensors. This dual operation had no significant impact on either of the devices in terms of their functional properties, especially in a lower RI range. Moreover, due to the properties of combined sensors two major effects can be distinguished—sensitivity to the RI of the volume and sensitivity to the RI at the surface. Considering also the negligible temperature sensitivity of the µIMZI, it makes the combination of LPG and µIMZI sensors a promising approach to limit cross-sensitivity or tackle simultaneous measurements of multiple effects with high efficiency and reliability.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2431Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)long-period grating (LPG)optical fiber sensorsrefractive index sensingfemtosecond laser micromachiningthin films |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Monika Janik Marcin Koba Krystian Król Predrag Mikulic Wojtek J. Bock Mateusz Śmietana |
spellingShingle |
Monika Janik Marcin Koba Krystian Król Predrag Mikulic Wojtek J. Bock Mateusz Śmietana Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity Sensors Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) long-period grating (LPG) optical fiber sensors refractive index sensing femtosecond laser micromachining thin films |
author_facet |
Monika Janik Marcin Koba Krystian Król Predrag Mikulic Wojtek J. Bock Mateusz Śmietana |
author_sort |
Monika Janik |
title |
Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity |
title_short |
Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity |
title_full |
Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity |
title_fullStr |
Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity |
title_sort |
combined long-period fiber grating and microcavity in-line mach–zehnder interferometer for refractive index measurements with limited cross-sensitivity |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
This work discusses sensing properties of a long-period grating (LPG) and microcavity in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) when both are induced in the same single-mode optical fiber. LPGs were either etched or nanocoated with aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to increase its refractive index (RI) sensitivity up to ≈2000 and 9000 nm/RIU, respectively. The µIMZI was machined using a femtosecond laser as a cylindrical cavity (d = 60 μm) in the center of the LPG. In transmission measurements for various RI in the cavity and around the LPG we observed two effects coming from the two independently working sensors. This dual operation had no significant impact on either of the devices in terms of their functional properties, especially in a lower RI range. Moreover, due to the properties of combined sensors two major effects can be distinguished—sensitivity to the RI of the volume and sensitivity to the RI at the surface. Considering also the negligible temperature sensitivity of the µIMZI, it makes the combination of LPG and µIMZI sensors a promising approach to limit cross-sensitivity or tackle simultaneous measurements of multiple effects with high efficiency and reliability. |
topic |
Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) long-period grating (LPG) optical fiber sensors refractive index sensing femtosecond laser micromachining thin films |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2431 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT monikajanik combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity AT marcinkoba combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity AT krystiankrol combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity AT predragmikulic combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity AT wojtekjbock combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity AT mateuszsmietana combinedlongperiodfibergratingandmicrocavityinlinemachzehnderinterferometerforrefractiveindexmeasurementswithlimitedcrosssensitivity |
_version_ |
1724941272575115264 |