A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
Abstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effecti...
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doaj-bf7ce2ce7f974475a96fbea660548c432021-10-03T11:24:12ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222020-10-0110111310.1038/s41598-020-73226-6A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami artElena Piacenza0Alessandro Presentato1Francesca Di Salvo2Rosa Alduina3Vittorio Ferrara4Valeria Minore5Antonio Giannusa6Giuseppe Sancataldo7Delia Francesca Chillura Martino8National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of PalermoDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of PalermoDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of PalermoDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of PalermoNational Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of PalermoDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of PalermoVincenzo Ragusa and O’Tama Kiyohara Museum, Liceo Artistico Statale Vincenzo Ragusa e O’Tama KiyoharaDepartment of Physics and Chemistry (DIFC) Emilio Segrè, University of PalermoNational Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of PalermoAbstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effective conservation–restoration of these artefacts accounting also for the potential deteriogen effects of microorganisms populating them. In the present study, four Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers were analysed combining physical–chemical and microbiological approaches to obtain information regarding the artefacts’ manufacture, composition, dating, and their microbial community. The validity of these methodologies was verified through a fine in blind statistical analysis, which allowed to identify trends and similarities within these important artefacts. The evidence gathered indicated that these wallpapers were generated between 1885 and 1889, during the so-called industrial production period. A wide range of organic (proteinaceous binders, natural waxes, pigments, and vegetable lacquers) and inorganic (tin foil and pigments) substances were used for the artefacts’ manufacture, contributing to their overall complexity, which also reflects on the identification of a heterogeneous microbiota, often found in Eastern environmental matrices. Nevertheless, whether microorganisms inhabiting these wallpapers determined a detrimental or protective effect is not fully elucidated yet, thus constituting an aspect worth to be explored to deepen the knowledge needed for the conservation of Kinkarakawa-gami over time.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73226-6 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino |
spellingShingle |
Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino |
author_sort |
Elena Piacenza |
title |
A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art |
title_short |
A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art |
title_full |
A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art |
title_fullStr |
A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art |
title_full_unstemmed |
A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art |
title_sort |
combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the kinkarakawa-gami art |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effective conservation–restoration of these artefacts accounting also for the potential deteriogen effects of microorganisms populating them. In the present study, four Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers were analysed combining physical–chemical and microbiological approaches to obtain information regarding the artefacts’ manufacture, composition, dating, and their microbial community. The validity of these methodologies was verified through a fine in blind statistical analysis, which allowed to identify trends and similarities within these important artefacts. The evidence gathered indicated that these wallpapers were generated between 1885 and 1889, during the so-called industrial production period. A wide range of organic (proteinaceous binders, natural waxes, pigments, and vegetable lacquers) and inorganic (tin foil and pigments) substances were used for the artefacts’ manufacture, contributing to their overall complexity, which also reflects on the identification of a heterogeneous microbiota, often found in Eastern environmental matrices. Nevertheless, whether microorganisms inhabiting these wallpapers determined a detrimental or protective effect is not fully elucidated yet, thus constituting an aspect worth to be explored to deepen the knowledge needed for the conservation of Kinkarakawa-gami over time. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73226-6 |
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