Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis

Fresh aqueous extracts (AGEs) and several thioallyl compounds (TACs) from garlic have an important antimicrobial activity that likely involves their interaction with exposed thiol groups at single aminoacids or target proteins. Since these groups are present in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites, in th...

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Main Authors: Raúl Argüello-García, Mariana de la Vega-Arnaud, Iraís J. Loredo-Rodríguez, Adriana M. Mejía-Corona, Elizabeth Melgarejo-Trejo, Eulogia A. Espinoza-Contreras, Rocío Fonseca-Liñán, Arturo González-Robles, Nury Pérez-Hernández, M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00353/full
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author Raúl Argüello-García
Mariana de la Vega-Arnaud
Iraís J. Loredo-Rodríguez
Adriana M. Mejía-Corona
Elizabeth Melgarejo-Trejo
Eulogia A. Espinoza-Contreras
Rocío Fonseca-Liñán
Arturo González-Robles
Nury Pérez-Hernández
M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
spellingShingle Raúl Argüello-García
Mariana de la Vega-Arnaud
Iraís J. Loredo-Rodríguez
Adriana M. Mejía-Corona
Elizabeth Melgarejo-Trejo
Eulogia A. Espinoza-Contreras
Rocío Fonseca-Liñán
Arturo González-Robles
Nury Pérez-Hernández
M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Giardia duodenalis
trophozoite damage
garlic
thioallyl compounds
allicin
giardiasis
author_facet Raúl Argüello-García
Mariana de la Vega-Arnaud
Iraís J. Loredo-Rodríguez
Adriana M. Mejía-Corona
Elizabeth Melgarejo-Trejo
Eulogia A. Espinoza-Contreras
Rocío Fonseca-Liñán
Arturo González-Robles
Nury Pérez-Hernández
M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
author_sort Raúl Argüello-García
title Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
title_short Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
title_full Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
title_fullStr Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
title_full_unstemmed Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental Giardiasis
title_sort activity of thioallyl compounds from garlic against giardia duodenalis trophozoites and in experimental giardiasis
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
issn 2235-2988
publishDate 2018-10-01
description Fresh aqueous extracts (AGEs) and several thioallyl compounds (TACs) from garlic have an important antimicrobial activity that likely involves their interaction with exposed thiol groups at single aminoacids or target proteins. Since these groups are present in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites, in this work we evaluated the anti-giardial activity of AGE and several garlic's TACs. In vitro susceptibility assays showed that AGE affected trophozoite viability initially by a mechanism impairing cell integrity and oxidoreductase activities while diesterase activities were abrogated at higher AGE concentrations. The giardicidal activities of seven TACs were related to the molecular descriptor HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy and with their capacity to modify the –SH groups exposed in giardial proteins. Interestingly, the activity of several cysteine proteases in trophozoite lysates was inhibited by representative TACs as well as the cytopathic effect of the virulence factor giardipain-1. Of these, allicin showed the highest anti-giardial activity, the lower HOMO value, the highest thiol-modifying activity and the greatest inhibition of cysteine proteases. Allicin had a cytolytic mechanism in trophozoites with subsequent impairment of diesterase and oxidoreductase activities in a similar way to AGE. In addition, by electron microscopy a marked destruction of plasma membrane and endomembranes was observed in allicin-treated trophozoites while cytoskeletal elements were not affected. In further flow cytometry analyses pro-apoptotic effects of allicin concomitant to partial cell cycle arrest at G2 phase with the absence of oxidative stress were observed. In experimental infections of gerbils, the intragastric administration of AGE or allicin decreased parasite numbers and eliminated trophozoites in experimentally infected animals, respectively. These data suggest a potential use of TACs from garlic against G. duodenalis and in the treatment of giardiasis along with their additional benefits in the host's health.
topic Giardia duodenalis
trophozoite damage
garlic
thioallyl compounds
allicin
giardiasis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00353/full
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spelling doaj-bfa2f3a3f2614f958db8118aec0835e82020-11-25T00:11:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882018-10-01810.3389/fcimb.2018.00353395828Activity of Thioallyl Compounds From Garlic Against Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites and in Experimental GiardiasisRaúl Argüello-García0Mariana de la Vega-Arnaud1Iraís J. Loredo-Rodríguez2Adriana M. Mejía-Corona3Elizabeth Melgarejo-Trejo4Eulogia A. Espinoza-Contreras5Rocío Fonseca-Liñán6Arturo González-Robles7Nury Pérez-Hernández8M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres9Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Experimental, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoFresh aqueous extracts (AGEs) and several thioallyl compounds (TACs) from garlic have an important antimicrobial activity that likely involves their interaction with exposed thiol groups at single aminoacids or target proteins. Since these groups are present in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites, in this work we evaluated the anti-giardial activity of AGE and several garlic's TACs. In vitro susceptibility assays showed that AGE affected trophozoite viability initially by a mechanism impairing cell integrity and oxidoreductase activities while diesterase activities were abrogated at higher AGE concentrations. The giardicidal activities of seven TACs were related to the molecular descriptor HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy and with their capacity to modify the –SH groups exposed in giardial proteins. Interestingly, the activity of several cysteine proteases in trophozoite lysates was inhibited by representative TACs as well as the cytopathic effect of the virulence factor giardipain-1. Of these, allicin showed the highest anti-giardial activity, the lower HOMO value, the highest thiol-modifying activity and the greatest inhibition of cysteine proteases. Allicin had a cytolytic mechanism in trophozoites with subsequent impairment of diesterase and oxidoreductase activities in a similar way to AGE. In addition, by electron microscopy a marked destruction of plasma membrane and endomembranes was observed in allicin-treated trophozoites while cytoskeletal elements were not affected. In further flow cytometry analyses pro-apoptotic effects of allicin concomitant to partial cell cycle arrest at G2 phase with the absence of oxidative stress were observed. In experimental infections of gerbils, the intragastric administration of AGE or allicin decreased parasite numbers and eliminated trophozoites in experimentally infected animals, respectively. These data suggest a potential use of TACs from garlic against G. duodenalis and in the treatment of giardiasis along with their additional benefits in the host's health.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00353/fullGiardia duodenalistrophozoite damagegarlicthioallyl compoundsallicingiardiasis