Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology
Lead sulphide (PbS) modified with calix[6]arene was synthesised as an alternative and regenerative adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared calix[6]arene-modified PbS was characterised via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microsco...
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doaj-bfb28737270c4a2c8c624a0ad14345d12021-01-07T00:05:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-01-011839739710.3390/ijerph18020397Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface MethodologyNor Zida Rosly0Abdul Halim Abdullah1Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin2Siti Efliza Ashari3Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad4Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaCenter of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaLead sulphide (PbS) modified with calix[6]arene was synthesised as an alternative and regenerative adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared calix[6]arene-modified PbS was characterised via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was employed to identify the most significant factors, such as the initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, and to optimise the effects of the factors on the adsorptive efficiency as its response. The optimised initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were 20.00 mg/L initial concentration, 44.00 mg calix[6]arene-modified PbS, pH 6, and a temperature of 31.00 °C. A good correlation between the values and well-fitted model was observed. The adsorption performance was evaluated based on the percentage removal of MB dye from the water system. The adsorption isotherm best fit the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption rate was followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, a single layer chemical adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>max</sub>) of 5.495 mg/g.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/397calix[6]arene-modified PbSadsorptionmethylene blueisothermkinetic |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nor Zida Rosly Abdul Halim Abdullah Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin Siti Efliza Ashari Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad |
spellingShingle |
Nor Zida Rosly Abdul Halim Abdullah Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin Siti Efliza Ashari Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health calix[6]arene-modified PbS adsorption methylene blue isotherm kinetic |
author_facet |
Nor Zida Rosly Abdul Halim Abdullah Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin Siti Efliza Ashari Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad |
author_sort |
Nor Zida Rosly |
title |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_short |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_full |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_fullStr |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Calix[6]Arene-Modified Lead Sulphide (Pbs): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_sort |
adsorption of methylene blue dye by calix[6]arene-modified lead sulphide (pbs): optimisation using response surface methodology |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Lead sulphide (PbS) modified with calix[6]arene was synthesised as an alternative and regenerative adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared calix[6]arene-modified PbS was characterised via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was employed to identify the most significant factors, such as the initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, and to optimise the effects of the factors on the adsorptive efficiency as its response. The optimised initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were 20.00 mg/L initial concentration, 44.00 mg calix[6]arene-modified PbS, pH 6, and a temperature of 31.00 °C. A good correlation between the values and well-fitted model was observed. The adsorption performance was evaluated based on the percentage removal of MB dye from the water system. The adsorption isotherm best fit the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption rate was followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, a single layer chemical adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>max</sub>) of 5.495 mg/g. |
topic |
calix[6]arene-modified PbS adsorption methylene blue isotherm kinetic |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/397 |
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