Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes amo...
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doaj-bfb6196a0f0749cfa482a78b8d8bae0b2020-11-25T04:11:13ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-11-01982682610.3390/antibiotics9110826Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, IndiaMohammad Tahir Siddiqui0Aftab Hossain Mondal1Firdoos Ahmad Gogry2Fohad Mabood Husain3Ali Alsalme4Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haq5Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaAntibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among the bacterial isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes. Among 73 bacterial strains isolated from a highly polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in Delhi, those carrying <i>bla</i>CTX-M, <i>bla</i>TEM, or <i>bla</i>SHV genes were analyzed to detect the genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene <i>qnrS</i> was found in 22 isolates; however, the <i>qnrA, B, C</i>, and <i>qnrD</i> genes could not be detected in any of the bacteria. Two variants of CMY, <i>bla</i>CMY-2 and <i>bla</i>CMY-42, were identified among eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, <i>merB, merP, merT</i>, and <i>arsC</i> genes were detected in 40, 40, 44, and 24 bacterial strains, respectively. Co-transfer of different resistance genes was also investigated in a transconjugation experiment. Successful transconjugants had antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes with similar tolerance toward antibiotics and heavy metals as did their donors. This study indicates that the aquatic environment is a major reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals and emphasizes the need to study the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their public health implications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/11/826antibiotic resistanceplasmid-mediated quinolone resistanceAmpC β-lactamasesheavy metal resistanceaquatic environment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui Aftab Hossain Mondal Firdoos Ahmad Gogry Fohad Mabood Husain Ali Alsalme Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haq |
spellingShingle |
Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui Aftab Hossain Mondal Firdoos Ahmad Gogry Fohad Mabood Husain Ali Alsalme Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haq Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India Antibiotics antibiotic resistance plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance AmpC β-lactamases heavy metal resistance aquatic environment |
author_facet |
Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui Aftab Hossain Mondal Firdoos Ahmad Gogry Fohad Mabood Husain Ali Alsalme Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haq |
author_sort |
Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui |
title |
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India |
title_short |
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India |
title_full |
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India |
title_fullStr |
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India |
title_full_unstemmed |
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India |
title_sort |
plasmid-mediated ampicillin, quinolone, and heavy metal co-resistance among esbl-producing isolates from the yamuna river, new delhi, india |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among the bacterial isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes. Among 73 bacterial strains isolated from a highly polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in Delhi, those carrying <i>bla</i>CTX-M, <i>bla</i>TEM, or <i>bla</i>SHV genes were analyzed to detect the genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene <i>qnrS</i> was found in 22 isolates; however, the <i>qnrA, B, C</i>, and <i>qnrD</i> genes could not be detected in any of the bacteria. Two variants of CMY, <i>bla</i>CMY-2 and <i>bla</i>CMY-42, were identified among eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, <i>merB, merP, merT</i>, and <i>arsC</i> genes were detected in 40, 40, 44, and 24 bacterial strains, respectively. Co-transfer of different resistance genes was also investigated in a transconjugation experiment. Successful transconjugants had antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes with similar tolerance toward antibiotics and heavy metals as did their donors. This study indicates that the aquatic environment is a major reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals and emphasizes the need to study the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their public health implications. |
topic |
antibiotic resistance plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance AmpC β-lactamases heavy metal resistance aquatic environment |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/11/826 |
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