Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation
Microorganisms are widely utilized for the treatment of wastewater in activated sludge systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of filamentous bacteria leads to bulking and adversely affects wastewater treatment efficiency. To clarify the nutrient requirements for filament formation, we track the g...
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doaj-bfc30fcbf2b64384b02b5e791d4047ed2021-06-24T06:52:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-06-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.691563691563Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient LimitationTatsuki Kunoh0Tatsuya Yamamoto1Shinya Sugimoto2Erika Ono3Nobuhiko Nomura4Nobuhiko Nomura5Andrew S. Utada6Andrew S. Utada7Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Jikei Center for Biofilm Research and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, JapanSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanMicrobiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanMicrobiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanMicroorganisms are widely utilized for the treatment of wastewater in activated sludge systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of filamentous bacteria leads to bulking and adversely affects wastewater treatment efficiency. To clarify the nutrient requirements for filament formation, we track the growth of a filamentous bacterium, Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 in different nutrient-limited conditions using a high aspect-ratio microfluidic chamber to follow cell-chain elongation and sheath formation. We find that limitations in Na+, K+, and Fe2+ yield no observable changes in the elongation of cell chains and sheath formation, whereas limitations of C, N, P, or vitamins lead to more pronounced changes in filament morphology; here we observe the appearance of partially empty filaments with wide intercellular gaps. We observe more dramatic differences when SP-6 cells are transferred to media lacking Mg2+ and Ca2+. Loss of Mg2+ results in cell autolysis, while removal of Ca2+ results in the catastrophic disintegration of the filaments. By simultaneously limiting both carbon and Ca2+ sources, we are able to stimulate planktonic cell generation. These findings paint a detailed picture of the ecophysiology of Leptothrix, which may lead to improved control over the unchecked growth of deleterious filamentous bacteria in water purification systems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.691563/fullfilamentous bacteriumLeptothrixMicrofluidicsnutrient limitationsheath formation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tatsuki Kunoh Tatsuya Yamamoto Shinya Sugimoto Erika Ono Nobuhiko Nomura Nobuhiko Nomura Andrew S. Utada Andrew S. Utada |
spellingShingle |
Tatsuki Kunoh Tatsuya Yamamoto Shinya Sugimoto Erika Ono Nobuhiko Nomura Nobuhiko Nomura Andrew S. Utada Andrew S. Utada Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation Frontiers in Microbiology filamentous bacterium Leptothrix Microfluidics nutrient limitation sheath formation |
author_facet |
Tatsuki Kunoh Tatsuya Yamamoto Shinya Sugimoto Erika Ono Nobuhiko Nomura Nobuhiko Nomura Andrew S. Utada Andrew S. Utada |
author_sort |
Tatsuki Kunoh |
title |
Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation |
title_short |
Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation |
title_full |
Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation |
title_fullStr |
Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation |
title_sort |
leptothrix cholodnii response to nutrient limitation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Microorganisms are widely utilized for the treatment of wastewater in activated sludge systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of filamentous bacteria leads to bulking and adversely affects wastewater treatment efficiency. To clarify the nutrient requirements for filament formation, we track the growth of a filamentous bacterium, Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 in different nutrient-limited conditions using a high aspect-ratio microfluidic chamber to follow cell-chain elongation and sheath formation. We find that limitations in Na+, K+, and Fe2+ yield no observable changes in the elongation of cell chains and sheath formation, whereas limitations of C, N, P, or vitamins lead to more pronounced changes in filament morphology; here we observe the appearance of partially empty filaments with wide intercellular gaps. We observe more dramatic differences when SP-6 cells are transferred to media lacking Mg2+ and Ca2+. Loss of Mg2+ results in cell autolysis, while removal of Ca2+ results in the catastrophic disintegration of the filaments. By simultaneously limiting both carbon and Ca2+ sources, we are able to stimulate planktonic cell generation. These findings paint a detailed picture of the ecophysiology of Leptothrix, which may lead to improved control over the unchecked growth of deleterious filamentous bacteria in water purification systems. |
topic |
filamentous bacterium Leptothrix Microfluidics nutrient limitation sheath formation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.691563/full |
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