Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such a...
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doaj-c07aff5eddf54b0ba2fad03d5f3deeb32020-11-25T01:10:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2020-02-01710.3389/fmed.2020.00062506253Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseMuhammad Amir0Michael Yu1Peijian He2Shanthi Srinivasan3Shanthi Srinivasan4Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDivision of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDivision of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesResearch-Gastroenterology, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United StatesNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is centered on increased hepatic lipogenesis and decreased hepatic lipolysis in the setting of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue and hepatic inflammation can further perpetuate the severity of illness. Currently there are no approved therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of the drugs being explored for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focus on classical pathogenic pathways surrounding hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation or fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system innervating the liver plays a crucial role in regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, there is growing evidence that neurotrophic factors can modulate all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors are altered in patients and murine models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we focus on the pathophysiological role of the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors that could be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00062/fullautonomic nervous systemfibrosisGDNFNAFLDNASHneurotrophic factors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Muhammad Amir Michael Yu Peijian He Shanthi Srinivasan Shanthi Srinivasan |
spellingShingle |
Muhammad Amir Michael Yu Peijian He Shanthi Srinivasan Shanthi Srinivasan Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Frontiers in Medicine autonomic nervous system fibrosis GDNF NAFLD NASH neurotrophic factors |
author_facet |
Muhammad Amir Michael Yu Peijian He Shanthi Srinivasan Shanthi Srinivasan |
author_sort |
Muhammad Amir |
title |
Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
title_short |
Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
title_full |
Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
title_fullStr |
Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
title_sort |
hepatic autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors regulate the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Medicine |
issn |
2296-858X |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is centered on increased hepatic lipogenesis and decreased hepatic lipolysis in the setting of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue and hepatic inflammation can further perpetuate the severity of illness. Currently there are no approved therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of the drugs being explored for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focus on classical pathogenic pathways surrounding hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation or fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system innervating the liver plays a crucial role in regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, there is growing evidence that neurotrophic factors can modulate all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors are altered in patients and murine models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we focus on the pathophysiological role of the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors that could be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
topic |
autonomic nervous system fibrosis GDNF NAFLD NASH neurotrophic factors |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00062/full |
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