The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
The effect of bacterial sepsis on animal behavior and physiology is complex due to direct and indirect actions. The most common form of bacterial sepsis in humans is from gram-negative bacterial strains. The endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and/or associated peptidoglycans from the bacteria are t...
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doaj-c08953c6dd64449691a3ea28d51eea5c2020-11-25T00:52:24ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502019-04-0110411510.3390/insects10040115insects10040115The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>Oscar Istas0Abigail Greenhalgh1Robin Cooper2Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USADepartment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USADepartment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USAThe effect of bacterial sepsis on animal behavior and physiology is complex due to direct and indirect actions. The most common form of bacterial sepsis in humans is from gram-negative bacterial strains. The endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and/or associated peptidoglycans from the bacteria are the key agents to induce an immune response, which then produces a cascade of immunological consequences. However, there are direct actions of LPS and associated peptidoglycans on cells which are commonly overlooked. This study showed behavioral and neural changes in larval <i>Drosophila</i> fed commercially obtained LPS from <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. Locomotor behavior was not altered, but feeding behavior increased and responses to sensory tactile stimuli were decreased. In driving a sensory-central nervous system (CNS)-motor neural circuit in in-situ preparations, direct application of commercially obtained LPS initially increased evoked activity and then decreased and even stopped evoked responses in a dose-dependent manner. With acute LPS and associated peptidoglycans exposure (10 min), the depressed neural responses recovered within a few minutes after removal of LPS. Commercially obtained LPS induces a transitory hyperpolarization of the body wall muscles within seconds of exposure and alters activity within the CNS circuit. Thus, LPS and/or associated peptidoglycans have direct effects on body wall muscle without a secondary immune response.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/4/115lipopolysaccharidespeptidoglycansbacteriasynapseintegrationsensorymotorDrosophila |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Oscar Istas Abigail Greenhalgh Robin Cooper |
spellingShingle |
Oscar Istas Abigail Greenhalgh Robin Cooper The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Insects lipopolysaccharides peptidoglycans bacteria synapse integration sensory motor Drosophila |
author_facet |
Oscar Istas Abigail Greenhalgh Robin Cooper |
author_sort |
Oscar Istas |
title |
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
title_short |
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
title_full |
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> |
title_sort |
effects of a bacterial endotoxin on behavior and sensory-cns-motor circuits in <i>drosophila melanogaster</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
The effect of bacterial sepsis on animal behavior and physiology is complex due to direct and indirect actions. The most common form of bacterial sepsis in humans is from gram-negative bacterial strains. The endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and/or associated peptidoglycans from the bacteria are the key agents to induce an immune response, which then produces a cascade of immunological consequences. However, there are direct actions of LPS and associated peptidoglycans on cells which are commonly overlooked. This study showed behavioral and neural changes in larval <i>Drosophila</i> fed commercially obtained LPS from <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. Locomotor behavior was not altered, but feeding behavior increased and responses to sensory tactile stimuli were decreased. In driving a sensory-central nervous system (CNS)-motor neural circuit in in-situ preparations, direct application of commercially obtained LPS initially increased evoked activity and then decreased and even stopped evoked responses in a dose-dependent manner. With acute LPS and associated peptidoglycans exposure (10 min), the depressed neural responses recovered within a few minutes after removal of LPS. Commercially obtained LPS induces a transitory hyperpolarization of the body wall muscles within seconds of exposure and alters activity within the CNS circuit. Thus, LPS and/or associated peptidoglycans have direct effects on body wall muscle without a secondary immune response. |
topic |
lipopolysaccharides peptidoglycans bacteria synapse integration sensory motor Drosophila |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/4/115 |
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